论美国在越南战争中的“超大计划”

“超大计划”是美国尼克松政府在越南战争结束前向南越实施的最后一次大规模军事援助计划。该计划的主要目的是在美军撤离前最大限度提升南越军队战斗力,使其代替美军承担主要作战任务,最终实现越战“越南化”。这项计划的顺利实施,不仅在客观上加速了美国撤出越南的进程,还因为该计划涉及美国与其他盟友之间的国际合作,对美国与其他盟友的关系和地区局势也产生了辐射影响。     

艾森豪威尔时期美国对日政策的再认识

美国对日政策是美国亚洲政策的重要组成部分.艾森豪威尔政府时期,美国国家安全委员会通过了关于对日政策的NSC125/6、NSC5516/1和NSC6008/1文件.通过考辨艾森豪威尔政府对日政策的演变过程,可以发现:艾森豪威尔政府遇制打击中国的既定国策是其对日政策的根源和出发点,国际形势变化、日本实力的增长和自主性的增强是推动这一时期美国对日政策演变的重要因素.     

美国平权措施的宪法争议--析联邦最高法院的两项判决

美国平权措施,从上一世纪七十年代以来,受到白人挑战,白人提出这是对白人的不平等,违反了宪法的平等权.这一宪法争议特别反映在大学入学政策上.近期,美国联邦最高法院对此作了两项判决:一是"格鲁特对伯林杰"案(Grutter v. Bollinger),针对密歇根大学法学院的入学政策;一是"格拉斯对伯林杰"案(Gratz v. Bollinger),针对密歇根大学部的入学政策.平权措施主要宪法依据是美国宪法第14条修正案.最高法院在适用此项宪法原则时有重要例外,一是为了保护国家利益出发;一是为弥补历史上的歧视后果.最高法院又宣布,凡使用种族作区分标准的法律,必须运用"严格的透视"和"紧迫的利益".据此,上述两项新判决,都有利于"种族多元化"和平权措施.这是美国当前对平权措施宪法争议的最新认定.     

Statistical methodology for binary data from a set of partially structured two-way random cross-classifications

A complete two-way cross-classification design is not practical in many settings. For example, in a toxicological study where 30 male rats are mated with 30 female rats and each mating outcome (successful or unsuccessful)is observed, time and resource considerations can make the use of the complete design prohibitively costly. Partially structured variations of this design are, therefore, of interest (e.g., the balanced disjoint rectangle design, the fully diagonal design, and the "S"-design). Methodology for analyzing binary data from such incomplete designs is illustrated with an example. This methodology, which is based on infinite population sampling arguments, allows the estimation of the mean response, among-row correlation coefficient, among-column correlation coefficient, and the within-cell correlation coefficient as well as their standard errors.     

基于改进D—S证据理论的TOPSIS模型在科技奖励评价中的应用

针对科技奖励评价的特点,根据改进D—S证据合成规则,将专家的评价指标值转化为指标的综合得分并形成决策矩阵;结合TOPSIS模型求解理想解和负理想解,计算距离和贴近度,对各评价项目进行综合排名。实证结果表明：该模型能够很好地解决科技奖励评价过程中的不确定性问题,为科技奖励综合评价提供了一种新的思路。     

Developing “A Framework for Planning U.S. Federal Statistics, 1978–1989”

The Statistical Policy Division of the Office of Management and Budget has the overall responsibility for the planning and coordination of U.S. government statistics. The present staff of the Statistical Policy Division is attempting, through an integrated publication entitled “A Framework for Planning U.S. Federal Statistics, 1978–1989,” to state its perspective on necessary developments in the coming years. This article illustrates the character of the Framework materials and outlines the process for public review and comment on this undertaking.     

Sociology and Art: An Interview with Howard S. Becker

This is an interview with Howard S. Becker, and the focus is sociology and art. In this interview, Howard S. Becker talked about many interesting and important topics such as his sociological lineage, his difference with the estheticians Arthur Danto and George Dickie, traditional sociologist of art such as Lukacs and Goldmann, his Tactile Art Group, the universality of his art worlds, Richard A. Peterson and his production of culture perspective, the sociology of “sociology of art” in America, French sociologists of art, and his own art life, and so on.     

Interstitial Lung Diseases in the U.S. Mining Industry: Using MSHA Data to Examine Trends and the Prevention Effects of Compliance with Health Regulations, 1996–2015

Given the recent increase in dust‐induced lung disease among U.S. coal miners and the respiratory hazards encountered across the U.S. mining industry, it is important to enhance an understanding of lung disease trends and the organizational contexts that precede these events. In addition to exploring overall trends reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), the current study uses MSHA's enforcement database to examine whether or not compliance with health regulations resulted in fewer mine‐level counts of these diseases over time. The findings suggest that interstitial lung diseases were more prevalent in coal mines compared to other mining commodities, in Appalachian coal mines compared to the rest of the United States, and in underground compared to surface coal mines. Mines that followed a relevant subset of MSHA's health regulations were less likely to report a lung disease over time. The findings are discussed from a lung disease prevention strategy perspective.     

美国证券市场投资者适当性规则的发展及启示

以由美国金融市场管理局制定而获得美国证监会批准的关于证券市场投资者适当性规则及其监管通告的内容为基础,阐述了《多德-弗兰克法案》颁布后美国证券市场适当性规则的基本原则、证券服务机构及其工作人员所应承担的主要适当性义务的内容以及违反适当性义务所可能受到的处罚等美国证券市场投资者适当性规则的最新发展.在此基础上,结合美国相关规定的启示以及中国关于证券市场投资者适当性规则的规定,认为中国应该制定专门的部门规章来规范中国的证券市场投资者适当性规则,系统地完善证券市场投资者适当性义务的主要内容,完善对违反证券市场适当性义务的监管和处罚的规定,以更好地保护证券市场投资者的利益.