Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study

This paper analyses child labour participation and its key determinants using data sets from Peru and Pakistan. The results include tests of the ‘Luxury’ and ‘Substitution’ hypotheses that play key roles in recent studies on child labour and child schooling. The results reject both hypotheses in the context of child labour in Pakistan and suggest that income and related variables do not have the expected negative effect on children's work input. Rising wages of adult female labour in Pakistan, and falling adult male wage in Peru lead to increased participation of children in the labour market. The results on the combined country data formally establish the presence of strong individual country effects in the estimated regressions. For example, ceteris paribus, a Peruvian child is more likely to experience schooling than a Pakistani child. However, both countries agree on the positive role that adult female education and infrastructure investment in basic amenities can play in discouraging child labour and encouraging child schooling. Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 10 March 1999     

Personal income taxation under mobility, exogenous and endogenous welfare weights, and asymmetric information

This paper analyses how governments should tax labour income accruing to a group of highly skilled and geographically mobile individuals who divide their time or career between several jurisdictions. The analysis differs from previous models on migration and taxation by addressing optimal regulation when agents work for several principals. Optimal taxation is developed for social welfare functions with exogenous and endogenous welfare weights. Marginal income taxes are applied for screening purposes, and the rates are lower with endogenous than with exogenous welfare weights. Received: 22 January 1998/Accepted: 3 July 1999)     

ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EURO: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON THE GERMAN SOCIO-ECONOMIC PANEL (SOEP)

This paper investigates changing attitudes towards the euro over time in Germany using longitudinal micro-data from the German Socio Economic Panel Study. We observe that a large part of the German population was worried about the new currency both before and after its introduction. Social psychological theories provide insight into these attitudes. Concerns regarding the euro are apparently connected with problems in handling the new currency and with the press coverage of price rises. For these reasons, future EMU member states should prepare their populations better for these challenges.     

谈言语交际中的模糊词语

现代汉语中,既有精确词语,又有模糊词语。精确 词语和模糊词语是相对而言的。在言语交际中,人们首先要求表达精确,也就是说要使用精 确性的词语。但在日常生活、文学作品和外交辞令中,又常常需要使用一些模糊性的词语, 去表达一些特殊的语义,以收到特殊的修辞效果。因为模糊词语有时比精确词语更适应交际 的需要,更具有特别的修辞效果。     

How publics’ active and passive communicative behaviors affect their tornado responses: An integration of STOPS and SMCC

During imminent threat crises, such as natural disasters, publics have minutes to decide how to respond after receiving a warning. This study advances understanding of publics’ crisis communicative and noncommunicative behaviors in the context of tornadoes through combining and extending two theories: the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model and the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS). Findings from a survey of Southeast U.S. residents (n = 1,585) indicate that STOPS is internally consistent and accurate at measuring its intended outcomes of communicative action in problem solving. However, the STOPS measures do not have a significant relationship with the desirable outcome for imminent threat crisis communication: individuals following government’s protective action guidance about tornadoes. In comparison, the expanded SMCC model predicts individuals’ self-reported compliance. Finally, variables from the SMCC model and tornado-specific variables were integrated into the STOPS model to explain individuals’ communicative engagement. Implications for theory and public relations practice are discussed.     

从认知视角看英汉词语的语义变化趋势

语言在很大程度上受思维习惯和文化内涵的影响.然而,在世界文化朝着多元化发展的进程中,不同文化间的频繁接触促进了文化的趋同,而文化的趋同又必然引起词语的语义变化.文章旨在通过词语的示例分析比较,探讨人类语言的共性和个性,从而证明英汉两种语言的词语语义随着文化的趋同所出现的同一变化趋势.     

波兰语义学派NSM理论对情感词汇的语义解释力

每种语言都为本民族提供了一套阐释范畴,并按照不同的认知图景使人们的情感体验概念化。这些认知图景又与特定语言的词汇范畴联系在一起,因而赋予了特定文化的价值、态度和意义。波兰语义学派的自然语义元语言(NSM)理论从跨语言和跨文化的视角来研究情感概念及其意义。通过梳理前人的有关论述,以自然语义元语言理论为框架,以普遍性语义基元为释义单位,探讨了NSM理论的化简释义方法及其对情感词汇的语义解释力,展示了应用NSM这一用途广泛的释义工具来准确地表征情感概念的意义。普遍的人类概念是构成人类理解情感概念的基石。基于60多个人类普遍概念的NSM研究方法,无疑将有助于我们更好地理解和把握不同文化的人类情感概念。     

国外儿童语言研究综述

国外儿童语言研究源于儿童心理研究,历经了心理学、语言学双重取向的研究和儿童语言研究的独立学科等过程。期间的研究成果丰富,揭示了儿童语言词汇、语法、语义、语用习得和发展的特点。     

清人王源《左传评》重“奇”之义蕴抉微

"奇"是清代实学代表人物王源评点《左传》的关键词,在内容、形式评点中皆有体现。借助《左传》具体文本的评点,通过同类相联、正反对举的反复申述,王源将"奇"之内涵赋予"变""活""正"等多重意义,将传统的奇文观念"美文化",以奇诡、辞达、自然为奇文,使"奇"具备了多重文学批评的功能。身处易代,酷爱兵法,好奇人奇事奇文,一生坎壈,皆为王源尚奇批评生成之根源。对明清八股时文取士的不屑,对清初文坛亦步亦趋效法唐宋八大家的不满,使其《左传》奇文评点具备了不同时俗的意义,浸润了明确的针砭时弊与经世致用的色彩。王源《左传》评点之重"奇",在一定程度上彰显出中国古代文论的典型性特征。对此进行考察,可望为揭橥评点的阐释范式、话语体系等提供可行性研究理路。