二语写作认知心理策略研究

有关二语写作策略的研究始于上世纪80年代,但大多涉及跨语言性普遍策略,而缺少对外语写作者特别是中国学生的研究。考察不同二语水平的三组学生使用写作策略的情况发现,认知和元认知策略的使用构成了学生写作过程中的主要活动;英语水平越高,高频率使用的写作策略的数量就越少;在多数写作策略的使用上,组与组之间存在或递增、或递减、或先升后降、或先降后升的趋势。上述现象与研究性质、编码系统、母语思维、二语水平和写作教学现状等因素有关,这说明二语写作是个极其复杂的认知心理过程,写作策略的使用情况意味着写作过程的流畅与否,一定程度上预示着写作者是否已经跨过二语水平的门槛。     

电子提单流通的法律制度

电子信息技术的发展和提单实践的问题为电子提单的应用提供了机会。电子提单在实践中的流通需要有一定的条件：功能等同和优越性的发挥。在法律上确定电子提单具有纸质提单的同等功能，这是电子提单流通的法律前提；而电子提单优越性的发挥取决于其流通制度本身的设计是否合理。通过比较传统提单的流通制度，考察已有电子提单实践之中的流通制度设计，笔者认为在法律上应当建构一个由第三人登记制度、信息传递制度、身份认证制度构成的电子提单流通法律制度。     

张学良教育救国思想及其当代意义

张学良教育救国思想形成于20世纪二三十年代.在分析了张学良"教育为民族存亡所系"教育思想重要性的基础上,论述了张学良"教育救国"思想的基本内涵,即弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神,坚持"五育并重"的教育方针,注重"学以致用"理论与实践相结合的教学模式,提倡"兼收并蓄"开放式的办学理念等.特别强调了教育在中华民族振兴中的战略性地位及张学良教育救国思想的现实意义.     

结合论：维果茨基的语言习得观

历史上关于语言习得的主要理论包括经验论、唯理论、建构论等等,但都不能完全解释二语习得的过程。维果茨基提出了语言习得的结合论,他认为：人们真正掌握一门语言的标志是能运用这门语言进行思维,即言语和思维的紧密结合;其结合的根源在于外部交往活动;其过程必然经过外部言语到自我中心言语再到内部言语。该理论对二语习得提供了一种新的理论解释框架。     

模态的语用逻辑

清华学人、中国著名逻辑学家周礼全先生从 195 0年开始研究语言逻辑 ,1989年起指导作者对奥斯汀的言语行为理论和塞尔的语用逻辑进行研究。文章介绍周礼全先生对语言逻辑的重要贡献 ,并给出模态的语用逻辑系统 MF,以期与作者先期发表的《命题的语用逻辑》、《量化的语用逻辑》共同形成对语用逻辑形式化研究的全面描述。     

语际语的特征与认知价值

在第二语言习得的研究中 ,语际语理论的提出象征着一种突破。语际语是一种既区别于目标语又不同于第二语言习得者的第一语言的二语知识体系。本文通过对语际语产生的认知原因以及语际语特征的介绍、分析和阐释 ,进一步讨论语际语在第二语言习得研究中的认知价值。     

Child global rating scales: Selecting a measure of client functioning in a large mental health system

The Global Assessment Scale for Children (GAS-Children) and the Children's Impairment Scale (CIS) were examined for inter-rater reliability, discrimination of outpatients from inpatients, and clinician acceptance. Forty-four clinicians used the two scales to rate 146 recently admitted children and adolescents in eight mental health programs. An additional study assessed the inter-rater reliability of the two scales compared with the Connors Parent-Teacher Questionnaire and the correlation of the GAS-Children with both the Connors Parents Questionnaire and Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. The GAS-Children showed better interrater agreement than any of the four subscales of the CIS, although the sum of the CIS subscales also showed adequate inter-rater reliability. Among adolescents, the GAS-Children correlated highly with the adult GAS, but the scales showed different mean values. Clinicians slightly preferred the GAS-Children over the CIS. To assess comparability of scale usage across sites, clinicians rated six case vignettes. Inpatient clinicians rated the vignettes as more dysfunctional than did their outpatient counterparts. Bias-adjusted scores still discriminated outpatient from inpatient children. Nevertheless, these rater biases should make evaluators cautious about comparing functioning scores across programs, even when the rating scale is ostensibly the same.     

国产八角属叶的宏观结构研究

本文首次对国产八角属(Illicium L.)植物9种1变种做了叶的宏观结构研究,对属和各个种叶的宏观结构特征进行了描述,编排有分种检索表,在缺花果的情况下,叶的宏观结构特征能用于区分不同的种类,最后,对一些分类问题进行了讨论。     

Stopping times of one-sample rank order sequential probability ratio tests

Weed, Bradley and Grovindarajulu (1974) propose one-sample probability ratio tests based on Lehmann alternatives. They also study the finite sure termination of the stopping times. Motivated by Stein's proof of (1946) of the termination of a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the case of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables and the work of Sethuraman (1970) for the two- sample rank order SPRT, we obtain a very mild condition (namely, that a certain random variable U(Z) is not identically zero) for the finite sure termination of the existence of the moment generating function (m.g.f.) for the stopping time of one- sample rank order SPRT's.     

Techniques for the analysis of geographic data in evaluation

Although geographic relationships are often an important aspect of a program or system under evaluation, these relationships have frequently been ignored by evaluators. Standard techniques do exist, however, for the analysis of geographic data. This paper presents three such techniques, Geocode Analysis, Trend Surface Analysis, and Social Area Analysis, and discusses their use in evaluation. With these techniques, evaluators can more adequately deal with the questions of geographic relationships which arise in many studies.