Sequential and two-stage procedures for selecting the better exponential population covering the case of unknown and unequal scale parameters

The problems of selecting the larger location parameter of two exponential distributions are discussed. When the scale parameters are the same but unknown, we consider the procedure of Desu et al. (1977) in detail, and study some of its exact and asymptotic properties. We indicate how this procedure can be modified along the lines of Mukhopadhyay (1979, 1980) to achieve first-order asymptotic efficiency. We then propose a sequential procedure for this set-up and show that it is asymptotically second-order efficient according to Ghosh and Mukhopadhyay (1981). In case the scale parameters are completely unknown and unequal, we propose a two-stage procedure that guarantees the probability of correct selection to exceed the prescribed nominal level in the preference zone. We do not need any new tables to implement this particular procedure other than those in Krishnaiah and Armitage (1964), Gupta and Sobel (1962), Guttman and Milton (1969). We also propose a sequential method in this case and derive some of its asymptotic properties.     

浅析《新月的埃米莉 》的艺术特色

无论是从其作品的质量还是数量而言,露西·蒙格马利毫无疑问当推加拿大最著名的儿童文学作家,《新月的埃米莉》是其代表作之一.这是一部成长题材的小说.借用娴熟的技巧,蒙格马利把成长的美丽与忧伤巧妙地糅合在一起,轻松活泼地展现给读者.本文从小说的结构、叙述方式和意象的应用三个方面对其进行了解读.     

Identity-based planning of prices and quantities: Cambridge and neoclassical models for Brazil

The paper uses two extensions of standard “sources of growth” analysis to develop price-endogenous medium term planning models for Brazil. The model constructed on the basis of neoKeynesian (or Cambridge, England) assumptions is shown to describe Brazilian growth and distribution changes in the 1960s better than the alternative neoclassical model. In forecasting exercises for the 1970s, both models point to a trade-off between increased inflation and a higher labor share. The neoclassical variant suggests that potential balance of payments difficulties can be offset by opportune devaluation, but the Cambridge results are much less optimistic. Current events suggest that this pessimistic view may be closer to the mark.     

黄庭坚的"心法"——江西诗派"活法"美学思想溯源

江西诗派的"活法"美学思想有一个发展过程.最早苏东坡已提出了"活法"美学思想.黄庭坚在此基础上提出了"心法".到吕本中提出"活法悟入"的思想,标志着江西诗派"活法"美学思想的完成.江西诗派"活法"美学思想的确立,是宋代禅宗美学转型的标志.     

L直观模糊拓扑空间及其映射

在非空集上引入Ｌ直观模糊集和Ｌ直观模糊拓扑空间的概念;在Ｌ直观模糊拓扑空间中讨论了几类特殊集,建立了几类映射并研究了它们之间的关系     

Management consulting and evaluation

The basic functions and procedures of management consulting are contrasted here with formal program evaluation. A case example further illustrates the differing approaches used in programmatic problem solving. The similarities and differences between these two professional specializations are highlighted in order to understand better the unique but complementary contribution each makes to the improvement of program operations.     

安徽省农村居民健康相关生命质量研究

目的：探讨安徽省农村居民生命质量及健康相关因素。方法：采用包含欧洲五维度健康评定量表（ EQ-5D-5L 量表）在内的自行设计问卷,对农村居民进行问卷调查,分别测量样本人群在五个维度的分布和EQ-VAS自评得分,利用差异性检验和关联性分析,探讨不同人群特征和五个维度分布水平、EQ-VAS评分之间的关系。结果：安徽省农村居民生命质量的总体评价较好,EQ-VAS平均得分为（83.80±15.36）分,接近一半（49.7%）的受访者报告五个维度中没有问题,疼痛／不舒服存在问题的比例高达42.0%,其次是焦虑/抑郁21.2%。年龄、体力活动量和慢性病是影响农村居民生命质量的主要的影响因素,疼痛／不舒服和焦虑／抑郁是影响居民EQ-VAS自评健康得分的主要原因。结论：应关注农村居民的疼痛／不舒服和焦虑／抑郁问题,重点保护妇女、老年人和慢性病患者等人群的健康。     

Strengths, uses and problems of global scales as an evaluation instrument

A global scale can provided means for integrating a variety of client/patient assessment techniques to complement each other in a useful manner. Global scales have been applied to service planning and evaluation as well as being useful for the on-going communication of clients' clinical/functioning status. Global scales are attractive to many service programs because of their apparent ease of implementation and their apparent face validity. Furthermore, there is an extensive body of literature describing global scales as hightly reliable and valid when properly implemented and maintained. The literature also suggests that there are some serious pitfalls. While initial implementation of a global scale is easy, the maintenance of a reliable, valid and useful scale appears to require their active use in treatment planning, treatment review and clinical supervision processes. It also requires that more extensive multidimensional ratings be made at intake, review and termination. Furthermore, staff training and development sessions two or three times a year are needed to surface and deal with differences in clinician ratings. Given these sorts of supports, then, a global scale has been demonstrated as a useful tool in service program management as well as clinical process and outcome studies, including studies of cost effectiveness. Since the major use of a global scale is as an integrating construct, a quantitative model is offered to describe the relationship between global scale ratings and multidimensional facets influencing the global ratings.     

A Family of Goodness‐of‐Fit Tests for Copulas Based on Characteristic Functions

A general class of rank statistics based on the characteristic function is introduced for testing goodness‐of‐fit hypotheses about the copula of a continuous random vector. These statistics are defined as L ₂ weighted functional distances between a nonparametric estimator and a semi‐parametric estimator of the characteristic function associated with a copula. It is shown that these statistics behave asymptotically as degenerate V ‐statistics of order four and that the limit distributions have representations in terms of weighted sums of independent chi‐square variables. The consistency of the tests against general alternatives is established and an asymptotically valid parametric bootstrap is suggested for the computation of the critical values of the tests. The behaviour of the new tests in small and moderate sample sizes is investigated with the help of simulations and compared with a competing test based on the empirical copula. Finally, the methodology is illustrated on a five‐dimensional data set.     

英语与母语阅读策略对比研究

对中国大学生母语和英语阅读策略相互影响的调查结果显示:中国学生的母语(L1)阅读和英语(L2)阅读策略无明显差异,可以说母语阅读策略在一定程度上向英语阅读发生了迁移。