Taking into account the rescheduling problem during the scheduling phase

The scheduling problem in production management has been studied for a considerable time, and several types of software are used. A problem arises in updating the production planning, or ‘rescheduling’, when an unexpected event occurs in the shop control. Solving this problem is difficult because the implications of such events are usually impossible to forecast. To prevent this problem, we propose to manipulate a set of equivalent schedules during the short time schedule. Then, if an unexpected event prevents realization of a given schedule, it will be possible to find an equivalent one, without full rescheduling. The primary requirement is to find a formal representation of a set of schedules. This has already been explored using CPM graphs with nodes associated to a set of tasks. We propose in this paper to use an extension of such graphs, PQR trees, that represent both precedence and group constraints. We first reiterate the notion of PQR trees. We present methods to take into account date constraints in such a structure, and we give a model for the general job-shop problem.     

改革开放后我国经济增长与发展理论的演进轨迹

1978年以来,伴随着经济体制的转变和经济市场化的深入,我国的经济增长与发展理论自身也有了重要的发展。一方面我国学者在一定程度上历史地实现了理论研究范式的转换;另一方面初步形成了关于经济增长与发展理论的相对独特的研究内容与风格。这一理论的发展脉络可以简要概括为:速度理论→优先增长理论→增长方式理论→周期与波动理论,它说明我国经济发展理论逐渐由零散向系统化发展、由浅层次向深层次发展、由本土化向国际规范化发展的演变趋势。     

Waiting Line Effects in Analytical Maintenance Float Policy

The equipment failure distributions commonly identified in practice pose great difficulties in the establishment of sound maintenance total float policy. Some of the existing analytical constructs utilize the reliability ratio of the equipment in operations in order to bypass the obstacles and arrive at applicable solutions. In this paper we give a summary of these theoretical models. In addition, we provide insight by testing the significance of factors utilized in maintenance total float determination. The paper examines the effect of the assumption made by the analytical model of no waiting time for repair. Our test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the analytical model and simulation when waiting is allowed for the normal and uniform distributions. The analytical model thus offers some advantage in its use to estimate maintenance float due to its simplicity. When failure distribution is an exponential, Erlang-2 or lognormal, the assumption of no waiting time for repair must be kept in order to use the analytical model.     

On the Far Eastern pattern of mortality

Since the early 1980s, it has been accepted widely that there is a Far Eastern pattern of mortality, a pattern characterized by excessively high death rates among older men relative to death rates among younger men and among women. It has been regarded as a unique regional mortality pattern, applying primarily to Far Eastern populations. A re-examination of the mortality data of some Far Eastern populations reveals that changes in both age patterns of and sex differentials in mortality have been widely observed. Further, mortality patterns similar to the so-called Far Eastern mortality model have been found in many other populations.     

语义期待的产生条件及其作用

语义期待是受话人对即将读到(听到)的语义信息产生的心理期待.它是受话人在话语理解过程中利用背景知识、自己对当前文字和言语情景的认识而形成的.其作用涉及到话语信息加工理解的各个层次,使话语字面意义的理解呈现出词汇、句子、语篇三个平面的加工相互制约、相互补充的特点.正确的语义期待可以消除模糊、弥补缺漏、补足省略、纠正错误,对于提高人脑感知和加工话语信息的速度具有普遍意义.错误的语义期待则会干扰语义理解甚至导致误解.     

Assigning machines to incomparable maintenance strategies with ELECTRE-SORT

The increasing demand on productivity and quality requires machines to be constantly available for production. It is therefore crucial to develop an adequate maintenance programme. To facilitate this, several criteria need to be considered, such as: downtime, maintenance frequency, spare parts costs, bottleneck impacts, etc. In the literature, a strategy is selected for each machine with a multi-criteria decision choice method. However, before making an informed decision, each strategy needs to be tested on each machine and then their performances evaluated with a multicriteria decision method. This is time-consuming, inefficient and often unfeasible. As machines׳ performances are usually systematically collected by industries, a much more practical approach is to assign machines to a maintenance strategy. This is referred to as a sorting problem. However, this problem cannot be solved by existing multi-criteria sorting methods because maintenance strategies cannot always be completely ordered: incomparable strategies exist. Recently, a Decision Making Grid was proposed to allocate machines to incomparable strategies. However, this technique can only be applied to problems with two criteria. In this paper, we have developed ELECTRE-SORT, a new sorting method that is able to consider an unlimited number of criteria in order to assign machines to incomparable strategies. A case study illustrates that ELECTRE-SORT provides more precise and flexible maintenance strategies than the Decision Making Grid.     

双向互动发展模式下的“母亲教育”与社区建设

社区建设在近期的主要目标应当是进一步提高居民的自治能力和社区意识，有效整合社区资源以及培养居民互相关怀的传统美德。配合这一目标，社区工作必须摆脱传统工作思路的限制，在工作手段上不断寻求新的突破。母亲教育就是在此背景下提出的，它以科学育人与弘扬传统文化为使命，对促进家庭、邻里和谐，儿童的健康成长以及推动民间力量的发育上都有积极作用。它既拓展了社区工作的实践领域，同时也为社区建设提供了新的思路。     

心理社会治疗模式在老年个案中的运用及反思

本个案通过运用心理社会治疗模式和技巧，帮助案主面对现实，消除情绪困扰，适应养老机构环境，康复身体等，并达到了预期的效果。兹为对我国老年社会工作的发展提供参考。     

过滤理想的书写——论十七年军旅小说的英雄塑造模式

十七年军旅文学对英雄的塑造,让英雄更加完美是作家和评论家共同遵循的法则,这种塑造模式,造成了文学作品中的英雄人物越来越脱离其人的品质而呈现出神的色彩。