有限责任公司的无限责任--《公司法》第12条及简评

法人制度使公司与投资人之间的人格分离,使公司具有了独立的主体地位.然而,独立的人格并不意味着必然的独立责任.法人独立责任的形成完全渊源于股东有限责任制度的直接推动.无限责任是公司的基本责任形式.本文在对法人制度中有限责任、无限责任以及独立责任进行理论的廓清后,对<公司法>第12条关于公司转投资限制的规定给予评价,并提出修改建议.     

Inverse Regression in Binary Response LDV Model

Sliced inverse regression, a link-free and distribution-free method, is applied to binary response limited dependent variable models. An inverse regression property of binary response LDV model is found. Based on this property, if the distributions of X _j (j = 1, 2,…, p) satisfy the linearity condition, then β can be estimated up to a positive multiplicative scalar without any assumptions on the distribution of error ε. Moreover, the estimator can be proved to be asymptotically normal based on which testing hypotheses are considered. Simulations results are reported.     

Amemiya‘s generalized least squares and tests of overidentification in simultaneous equation models with qualitative or limited dependent variables

Amemiya's generalized least squares method for the estimation of simultaneous equation modeis with qualitative or limited dependent variables is known to be efficient relative to many popular two stage estimators. This note points out that test statistics for overidentification restrictions can be obtained as by-products of Amerniya's generalized least squares procedure. Amemiya's procedure is shown to be a minimum chisquare method. The Amemiya procedure is valuable both for efficient estimation and for model evaluation of such models.     

产能有限的供应商主导的双渠道分销策略研究

在供应商产能有限的背景下,研究供应商的最优分配策略和双渠道分销的问题。根据期望利润最大化建立供应商渠道分配模型,依据纳什均衡确定供应商的最优定价、最优产能和最优分销策略。结果表明,在双渠道策略的情况下,供应商应该优先满足销售企业的销售量。若供应链的销售量恰好得到满足,供应商应该按最优产能生产。供应商的渠道选择与供应商产能、供应链各节点的盈利能力和生产成本有关。     

有限责任公司股东优先购买权制度重构

基于有限责任公司的人合性,我国公司法通过股权转让的同意条款和股东优先购买权条款构建了有限责任公司的股权转让限制规则。其中,股东优先购买权制度则构成股权转让限制的第二道防线,属于实质规则。我国2005年修订的公司法虽然对《公司法》中的股东优先购买权制度加以完善,但仍然存在一些问题和缺陷。规定优先购买权的行使期限,明确＂同等条件＂内容,建构股东优先购买权行使的责任追究机制,已然成为今后公司立法修正的当务之急。     

有限责任制度的经济学分析

经济增长的源泉来自有效的制度安排,公司发展的关键在于设置合理的制度。由无限责任制度变迁为有限责任制度,是用效率更高的制度取代原有制度,或者是一种更有效制度的生产过程,是制度主体解决制度短缺,从而扩大制度供给以获得潜在收益的行为。     

论寿险投保人的直索权利

本文分析了有限责任制度导致寿险公司股东收益风险的不对称性,以及由此带来的保险市场中的一系列问题;提出设立投保人的直索权利制度是引导寿险公司股东收益风险从不对称状态回归至平衡状态,解决由此派生出的寿险经营中相关问题的途径。     

Amemiya's generalized least squares and tests of overidentification in simultaneous equation models with qualitative or limited dependent variables

Amemiya's generalized least squares method for the estimation of simultaneous equation modeis with qualitative or limited dependent variables is known to be efficient relative to many popular two stage estimators. This note points out that test statistics for overidentification restrictions can be obtained as by-products of Amerniya's generalized least squares procedure. Amemiya's procedure is shown to be a minimum chisquare method. The Amemiya procedure is valuable both for efficient estimation and for model evaluation of such models.     

Errors-in-variables regression using estimated latent variables

This note considers a method for estimating regression parameters from the data containing measurement errors using some natural estimates of the unobserved explanatory variables. It is shown that the resulting estimator is consistent not only in the usual linear regression model but also in the probit model and regression models with censoship or truncation. However, it fails to be consistent in nonlinear regression models except for special cases.     

基于KJ法及KANO模型的产品功能设计方法研究

针对现有的功能设计方法中存在的新功能开发无创新、功能需求度模糊等问题,提出了一种基于KJ法及KANO 模型的产品功能设计方法。运用限定式KJ法建立产品功能清单,并采用优化后的KANO模型对目标用户的需求度数据 进行统计和分析,得到各功能的需求类型及需求度指标,构建反映目标用户需求的产品功能塔,以此作为个性化需求定 制或功能修改的理论依据。最后以洗衣机的功能设计为案例探索本方法在实际功能设计中的有效性,结果表明：该方法 能够直观地体现产品目标用户对各功能的需求,有利于优化产品功能设计流程,提高用户对产品的满意度。