转型背景下企业有效应对组织复杂性的机理研究

如何借助不同类型的组织复杂性为企业创造效能已成为当前理论界及实践界研究的热点.本文基于文献研究提出了不同组织复杂性与组织效能的关系及影响这一关系的复杂适应性机理的假设.实证研究表明,转型经济环境下,结构复杂性与组织效能存在倒U型曲线关系,战略复杂性与组织效能存在U型曲线关系,目标复杂性与组织效能存在倒U型曲线关系;在复杂适应性的五个维度中,动态适应在组织复杂性与组织效能关系中起完全中介作用;自组学习及自主创新在这一关系中起部分中介作用;自发变革和柔性协作的中介作用不显著.研究结论对企业有效应对组织复杂性有重要指导意义.     

Operational Networks: Adaptation to Extreme Events in China

Natural hazards pose an increasing challenge to public administrators, as the frequency, costs, and consequences of extreme events escalate in a complex, interdependent, world. This study examines organizational networks as instruments for mobilizing collective response to extreme events, but effective design has been elusive. Governments have focused on planned networks to anticipate risk before hazards occur; communities have formed emergent networks as voluntary efforts after the event. Using a framework of complex adaptive systems, we identify operational networks that adapt to their immediate context in real time, using technologies to support the search, exchange, and feedback of information to enable informed, collective action. Applying mixed research methods—documentary analysis of laws, policies, and procedures; content analysis of news articles; onsite observation; and semistructured interviews with experienced personnel—we document operational networks as a distinct form of multiorganizational response to urgent events that combines the structure of designated authority with the flexibility of information technologies. The integration of planned and emergent organizational forms into operational networks is measured through External/Internal (E/I) index analysis, based on empirical data collected on response systems that formed following the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes in the centralized administrative context of China. Findings show that planned networks provide the organizational structure and initial legitimacy essential for operational networks to form, but ready access to information technology—cell phones, short-wave radio systems, internet access—enables rapid communication and exchange of information essential for flexible adaptation in real time to meet urgent needs.     

Context matters: Using mixed methods timelines to provide an accessible and integrated visual for complex program evaluation data

The need for conducting evaluations which reflect of the influence of context on complex programs is increasingly recognized in the field of evaluation. Better data visualization techniques for connecting context with program evaluation data are needed. We share our experience developing a mixed methods timeline to visualize complexity and context with evaluation data. Mixed methods timelines provide a meaningful way to show change over time in both a visually stimulating and accessible format for evaluation audiences. This paper provides an innovative example of using mixed methods timelines to integrate evaluation data with key program activities and milestones, while also showing internal and external contextual influences in one cohesive visual. We present methods and best practices for collecting contextual data and for incorporating a variety of data sources into such a visual. We discuss several strategies to collect and organize context related data including: qualitative interviews, program materials, narrative reports, and member checking with stakeholders and staff. Gathering multiple perspectives is essential to better capture the multi-layered elements of program activities and context.     

黄土高原地区红色旅游资源及其开发战略

红色旅游是中国国情的特殊产物。在阐述红色旅游及其资源的基础上,分析了黄土高原地区红色旅游资源的特点、开发现状与不足,提出了该区红色旅游资源的开发战略。     

黄土高原地区的可能退耕规模及其减产效应

退耕还林还草工程是黄土高原地区水土保持和生态环境建设的重大举措。如何在水土保持和生态建设过程中保障粮食自给,是恢复全区生态环境和社会经济发展的关键。该文根据土地利用详查与实地调查资料,利用多目标规划模型与退耕压力指数模型,定量分析了黄土高原地区退耕的可能规模及其粮食减产效应。研究认为：在保证人均耕地0.1 hm²前提下,黄土高原地区退耕面积可达236.46×10⁴ hm²,占现有耕地的1/5强;对应的粮食减产量为195.26×10⁴t,是1996—2000年平均粮食产量的12.69%;全区基于人均粮食占有量的退耕压力指数达0.20,晋陕甘黄土丘陵沟壑台塬区是退耕压力最大的区域。     

试析海子诗歌的主题元素

海子对现代诗歌作出了卓有成效的探索,他追求生命的高远、浪漫、炽热,开辟了中国诗歌的自新之路。海子是一位有世界眼光的诗人,既吸收了西方文化精华,又充分发扬本民族诗歌传统。海子诗歌的主题也围绕着古今中外众诗人的探索展开和发展,其中田园情结、基督式博爱、神性的召唤等主题元素阐释了海子与中西方诗人先贤们在思想层面、精神气质和语言形式上的渊源。     

职业技术师范类本科院校复变函数课程教学改革初探

本文依据吉林工程技术师范学院特有的“三性一体”(学术性、技术型和师范性)的办学特色,基于数学与应用数学专业的培养目标和办学定位,以及职业技术师范本科院校所提出的“高素质、强能力、重应用”的人才培养理念和“理论够用、学以致用、能讲会干”的人才培养指导思想和原则,提出了与培养目标相适应的复变函数课程教学改革方案,并就此作出了以创新为宗旨的尝试性探索.     

Conditional Asymmetries in Real GNP: A Seminonparametric Approach

Two critical assumptions are often made in empirical research regarding the relationship between economic variables and economic disturbances—linearity and Gaussianity. Together, these two assumptions place strong restrictions on the time series behavior of a model. Most important, these restrictions imply conditional symmetry. Using seminonparametric (SNP) techniques, this article presents evidence that real gross national product growth displays conditional asymmetry. Although these results confirm related results of Brock and Sayers, Sichel, and Hamilton, the SNP approach is novel in that it emphasizes the relationship between common modeling assumptions and the restrictions that these assumptions place on data.     

浅析当前社会用字取向“繁化”的原因

“由繁到简、由难到易”,这是汉字发展的总趋势,然而,近些年来,繁体字的使用逐渐增多。本文从多方面探讨了当前社会用字繁化的原因,提出了文字的历史发展趋势是从繁趋简,加速汉字的简化是顺应历史发展的潮流。随着国家省语委对各地“城市语文评估”工作的开展,这种现象希望引起大家的关注。     

大战略集博弈的适应性均衡及其求法

“象棋博弈之谜”表明 ,当一个博弈的战略集大到超过人的有限理性、有限计算能力和有限时间时 ,这个博弈呈现复杂的特性 ,因此 ,按照“最优战略选择”的常规办法无法求出其均衡解 ,必须借助复杂性理论的办法。一种可行的办法是借助复杂适应系统理论 (CAS) ,通过定义生成战略的规则集并对其进行信用分派 ,并以此对大战略集中的战略进行信用评估 ,将大战略集转化为一个小战略集———高信用战略子集 ,从而通过按常规方法求出小战略集博弈的均衡解来求出大战略集博弈的适应性均衡解。这种适应性均衡是一种魏里希型联合自我支持的 ,可能不是最优但是在复杂性下可行的稳定均衡。