缩小城乡收入差距哪种社保类型更有效？——基于财政社保与社会保险的比较分析

党的十九届五中全会将共同富裕纳入2035年远景目标,社会保障具有较强的针对性和直接性,是缩小城乡收入差距、实现共同富裕的重要手段。基于此,运用2009—2019年全国31个省级行政区划单位的面板数据,基于包含财政社保水平和社会保险水平的数理模型分析了二者对城乡收入差距的影响,通过空间相关性和非线性假设对问题展开研究。研究表明,省际城乡收入差距具有正的空间相关性,财政社保水平可以有效缩小城乡收入差距,并且随着劳动力市场化进程,其政策效果将会逐步凸显。社会保险水平缩小城乡收入差距的作用较弱,主要原因在于养老保险制度难以适配劳动力市场化进程,而医疗保险和其他社会保险水平则相反。基于以上研究,我国应当增加财政社保支出,因地制宜地调整社会保险制度,形成缩小城乡收入差距的合力。     

管理心理学原理与高校医院护理的人性化管理

建立和谐社会是当前我国从上至下的一个重要举措,而和谐的核心内涵之一就是人性化。高校医院的护理工作有其不同一般医院的特殊性,为了有效地开展工作,人性化管理应当被纳入高校医院护理管理的理念之中并付诸于实践;故而,护理管理人员有必要将有关管理心理学方面的理论知识和学校医院的实际护理管理工作结合起来,在护理管理工作中实行灵活多变的管理措施,培养护理人员的整体感、归属感和团队精神,努力创造条件让护理人员充分施展自己的才华,从根本上改进和提高高校医院的护理工作质量。     

语境与认知能力成熟度关系及教学对策

阐释语境化教学和认知能力成熟度之问的相互关联.认为教学的语境化需要推理、假设和假设验证等认知活动的参与,认知能力成熟度才能得到提升.认知能力越趋成熟,对语境的理解就越为完善.教学中应根据教学对象、教学内容、个体认知方式的差异创造、选择和利用语境,培养和提高学习者的认知水平,促进语言的学习和发展.     

Divergence versus decision P-values: A distinction worth making in theory and keeping in practice: Or,how divergence P-values measure evidence even when decision P-values do not

There are two distinct definitions of “P-value” for evaluating a proposed hypothesis or model for the process generating an observed dataset. The original definition starts with a measure of the divergence of the dataset from what was expected under the model, such as a sum of squares or a deviance statistic. A P-value is then the ordinal location of the measure in a reference distribution computed from the model and the data, and is treated as a unit-scaled index of compatibility between the data and the model. In the other definition, a P-value is a random variable on the unit interval whose realizations can be compared to a cutoff α to generate a decision rule with known error rates under the model and specific alternatives. It is commonly assumed that realizations of such decision P-values always correspond to divergence P-values. But this need not be so: Decision P-values can violate intuitive single-sample coherence criteria where divergence P-values do not. It is thus argued that divergence and decision P-values should be carefully distinguished in teaching, and that divergence P-values are the relevant choice when the analysis goal is to summarize evidence rather than implement a decision rule.