近代中国电信管理体系变迁考述

近代中国电信管理体系随政局战事变幻,社会经济发展而赓续推演。全面抗战前及战争时期中国的电信组织历经形成、发展和演变,此中行政当局对于电信事业的管控和监察工作,以及在电信队伍的建设和培育及人事规范方面做出的努力,对近代中国电信管理体系的嬗变进程产生了深远影响。通过这些维度洞悉近代中国电信事业的变迁理路及发展规律,俾期为当代国家电信事业建设提供理论参考与历史借镜。     

高校软件人才培养的创新实验区建设

为了更好地培养软件人才,提高大学生的工程实践能力,从大学生创新实验区建设实践出发,在软件人才培养实验区的硬件建设、软件建设(案例库和实验相关软件)以及软件人才培养模式方面进行实践探索。同时,从理论上阐述了三者是个有机整体,只有衔接得好、建设得好才能培养出国际一流的软件人才。     

会计职业判断与会计政策选择问题

会计政策的选择过程实质上也是职业判断的过程,为此在探讨会计职业判断与会计政策选择关系的基础上,围绕着如何利用会计职业判断优化会计政策选择展开论述。     

乡村教师文化回应性教育能力的理论阐释及实践探索

文化回应性教育能力主要包括态度与责任、认识与理解、技能与实践、反思与批判四个维度,以及乡土情怀、乡土知识、文化回应性教学能力、文化回应性课程能力、文化回应性评价能力、文化回应的敏感性六要目。目前,乡村教师责任担当存在理性与感性的相互割裂、乡土知识的认知与理解较为窄化零散、文化回应性教学设计和实施流于形式、文化回应性课程资源转化有限且碎片化、文化回应性评价内容和方法单一、文化回应性反思批判的敏感性薄弱等问题。基于此,需营造滋养乡村教师情感的乡村文化生态,构建文化回应的教师教育课程教学体系,聚焦乡村教育的实践情境搭建支持体系。     

构建和谐铁路路风系统的理性选择

铁路路风是指铁路的行业风气,是铁路企业和铁路职工经营管理素质、理想纪律素养、职业道德风貌的外在表现,反映铁路企业管理水平和职工精神面貌的综合指标。铁路路风质量的优劣,集中反映在铁路运输产品——旅客和货物的位移质量上。运输产品的全部质量特征包括安全、准确、舒适、迅速、经济、便利和文明服务等诸多方面。旅客和货主就是根据这些来全面判断路风质量优劣的。必须从整体上对路风质量实行全面控制,不能顾此失彼。     

Parent–professional interviews in child protection: Comparing viewpoints

Several studies have analysed the parent–professional relationship in the field of child protection. Although social workers tend to privilege interviews when working with families and view them as a means through which to build ties, few studies have focused on these interviews. To analyse how professionals and parents position themselves, we chose to focus on the content of these interviews and on the associated interactions. To this end, we recorded 13 parent–professional interviews after receiving the consent of the concerned parties. After analysing the interviews, we asked volunteer social workers and parents to analyse their own recorded interviews. Our results confirm the asymmetric nature of the parent–professional relationship. They show that professionals' viewpoints carry more weight than those of parents. They also underscore professionals' lack of openness and the strategies parents implement to cope with this power imbalance. Lastly, our results open new avenues for reflection on the evolution of practices that may enable professionals to better take into account families' viewpoints.     

当前中国法院法官员额制度若干实践问题探析

法官是司法活动的主体,法官制度具有相当的重要性。随着中国司法改革的推进,法官制度改革尤其是法官职业化建设成为中国法官制度发展面临的一大课题,基于中国法官问题的特殊性,法官员额制度作为一项改革试点逐渐提上日程。在实践中,中国法院法官员额制度是与法官助理的设置制度密不可分的,试点法院运行法官员额制度和法官助理制度已取得初步的成效,不同试点法院的运作模式也各有千秋。但同时,法官员额制度试点实践中也存在着一些难以克服的问题,因应之道也是并非完善的。对此,本文针对实践中显现出来的几个突出难题,包括法官员额的制度合法性问题、法官员额数量计算标准问题、法官员额制度实施中法院党务以及司法行政后勤人员的问题、法官员额制度的社会认同问题进行了思考,提出了应对思路。     

工匠精神在当代应用型人才职业价值观的缺失与培育研究

工匠精神是当代职业教育中的重要理念,也是顺应时代发展需求,推进产业升级、经济转型的重要职业精神。文章围绕工匠精神的内涵、如何挖掘职业教育的工匠精神、如何将工匠精神纳入到当代职业人才价值观培育实践中等问题展开论述,并提出积极的建议和对策。     

Professional discretion and length of work experience: what findings from focus groups with care managers in elder care suggest

ABSTRACT

Research has explored how care managers in elder care – who often function as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ – regard professional discretion. The way in which length of work experience affects care managers’ use of professional discretion remains, however, unexplored. This article present findings from 12 focus groups with 60 care managers. By bringing attention to how care managers experience the needs assessment process, this article sheds light on how these ‘street-level bureaucrats’ struggle when they try to balance their clients’ needs against institutional frameworks and local guidelines. Length of work experience seems to play a role in how care managers claim to use professional discretion. Experienced care managers describe how they deviate from the guidelines at times in order to create an increased scope of action in their decision-making process. Those with less time in the profession describe greater difficulties in this respect. Findings suggest that research should explore if length of work experience plays a role in the actual way in which care managers assess needs and make decisions. As such, they contribute to our understanding of how needs assessment processes are navigated by professionals while also pointing towards the nature of professional discretion in gerontological social work.     

Professional quality of life of adult protective service workers

Adult Protective Services (APS) workers are exposed to substantial occupational hazards and job stress, but these stressors are underdocumented. Therefore, we sought to describe APS workers’ work environments and responses to occupational hazards and stressors, including compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Survey data were gathered with closed-ended questionnaires administered to APS workers in an urban setting. Virtually all workers (97%) reported exposure to one or more environmental hazards in their work, and 80% reported hazard exposure in the past month. Workers also reported mixed responses to their work environment and to experiences with supervision. A sizable minority (22.7%) was at high risk for burnout, 24.6% were at risk for secondary traumatic stress, and 19.9% reported low compassion satisfaction. The results document multiple stressors in APS work. The APS partner is committed to ongoing efforts to better support its staff, and these findings can inform future efforts to enhance supervisor support and worker self-care, to minimize burnout and secondary traumatic stress.