数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜在As_2O_3诱导MGC-803细胞核凋亡产生钙振荡研究中的应用

利用数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜对As2O3诱导MGC-803细胞核凋亡过程中的钙振荡进行研究,通过图像中荧光强度随时间变化的规律反应钙振荡的频率和强度变化。结果证实As2O3诱导MGC-803细胞核凋亡过程中,的确引发了钙振荡,说明核钙参与了凋亡过程,并且钙振荡的频率以低频为主。对两相邻细胞核的钙振荡信号观察分析发现,两核钙强度变化曲线低频部分异常相似,几乎在同一时刻达到最高点和最低点。尽管钙波动的幅度不同,但基本频率相同,由此可初步预测钙信号以频率变化为表达特征。两细胞核凋亡呈同步化趋势,证明在受到As2O3刺激后,细胞核的凋亡不是个别现象。     

藏语白色颜色词的文化内涵

藏民族在审美心理中把“白色”视为洁净、诚挚、正直、高尚、忠诚、磊落品德的象征和寄托，体现了藏民族独特的思维方式和文化模式。     

Bayesian robustness in bidimensional models: Prior independence

When θ is a multidimensional parameter, the issue of prior dependence or independence of coordinates is a serious concern. This is especially true in robust Bayesian analysis; Lavine et al. (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.86, 964–971 (1991)) show that allowing a wide range of prior dependencies among coordinates can result in near vacuous conclusions. It is sometimes possible, however, to make confidently the judgement that the coordinates of θ are independent a priori and, when this can be done, robust Bayesian conclusions improve dramatically. In this paper, it is shown how to incorporate the independence assumption into robust Bayesian analysis involving -contamination and density band classes of priors. Attention is restricted to the case θ = (θ₁, θ₂) for clarity, although the ideas generalize.     

建设婴幼儿友好社区：经验与启示

社区是影响婴幼儿发展及家庭养育的重要外部环境,完善0-3 岁婴幼儿托育服务体系对建设婴幼儿友好社区提出要 求。文章结合国际范围内儿童友好城市和社区建设的经验,从空间环境、服务内容、实施体系三个方面探讨建设婴幼儿友好社 区的基本需求。同时,基于国内已有的儿童友好城市或社区相关政策及现状,提出建设婴幼儿友好社区的三点建议：国家政策 引领,完善相关制度及规范;城市因地制宜,提升儿童友好意识;社区普惠亲子,善用内外资源;以期通过多方协作促进更多婴 幼儿友好社区在我国顺利落地。     

0-3 岁托育需求影响因素研究：基于对市场与政府的期望

2016年的全面二孩政策实施效果不及预期,我国的低生育水平难以改善。生育率的高低与生育意愿息息相关,随着三孩政策的出台,幼儿的托育困境作为制约广大群众生育意愿的重要因素亟需得到关注。运用武汉市3岁以下婴幼儿父母问卷调查数据,构建二元Logit模型研究群众因素、市场因素和政府因素与家庭托育需求之间的关系。研究发现:家庭结构、家庭收入、孩子年龄、影响工作程度,母亲受教育程度,托育市场的经济性、便利性和质量以及政府的政策支持会显著影响家庭的托育需求。基于实证结果,提出政策建议:推动托育服务供给主体多元化,促进托育服务规范化发展,发展普惠性公共托育服务,提升托育服务便利性,增强家庭抚育能力。     

托班区域材料投放的适宜性研究——基于78个托班的量表观察

区域活动是满足婴幼儿个性化发展的最佳途径,而区域材料投放的适宜性直接影响区域活动开展的质量。笔者运用量表对区域材料投放的适宜性进行观察评估,结果发现,区域材料投放质量较低。线性回归分析结果表明,教师学历、师幼比等变量对区域材料投放质量有显著影响。研究建议,国家要出台相关政策,严格把控教师学历,监控师幼比的达标程度;托班教师要增强0-3岁婴幼儿早期教育理论知识的学习,托育机构要定期开展“区域材料投放”的专题研讨活动,提高教师区域材料选择与投放的能力。     

A folded model for compositional data analysis

A folded type model is developed for analysing compositional data. The proposed model involves an extension of the α‐transformation for compositional data and provides a new and flexible class of distributions for modelling data defined on the simplex sample space. Despite its rather seemingly complex structure, employment of the EM algorithm guarantees efficient parameter estimation. The model is validated through simulation studies and examples which illustrate that the proposed model performs better in terms of capturing the data structure, when compared to the popular logistic normal distribution, and can be advantageous over a similar model without folding.     

Selection bias for treatments with positive Phase 2 results

In drug development, treatments are most often selected at Phase 2 for further development when an initial trial of a new treatment produces a result that is considered positive. This selection due to a positive result means, however, that an estimator of the treatment effect, which does not take account of the selection is likely to over‐estimate the true treatment effect (ie, will be biased). This bias can be large and researchers may face a disappointingly lower estimated treatment effect in further trials. In this paper, we review a number of methods that have been proposed to correct for this bias and introduce three new methods. We present results from applying the various methods to two examples and consider extensions of the examples. We assess the methods with respect to bias of estimation of the treatment effect and compare the probabilities that a bias‐corrected treatment effect estimate will exceed a decision threshold. Following previous work, we also compare average power for the situation where a Phase 3 trial is launched given that the bias‐corrected observed Phase 2 treatment effect exceeds a launch threshold. Finally, we discuss our findings and potential application of the bias correction methods.     

Cost/effectiveness analysis of alcoholism and drug abuse treatment programs: the relevance of recidivism and resource absorption.

Cost/effectiveness measures are increasingly being applied to alcoholism and drug abuse treatment programs. Program evaluators usually regard readmissions as inadequate for assessing outcome, and resource absorption is rarely examined; this paper presents the argument that increased attention to recidivism and resource absorption is integral to the program evaluation process. Readmissions formed 53% of admissions to U.S. drug abuse programs, and in alcoholism treatment centers, 4% of the patients accounted for 24% of the detoxications. Problems with assessing cost/effectiveness are associated with duration of treatment, average cost, time span of analyses, quasi-experimental designs, multiple episodes of treatment, "silting up", and extrapolation. Five approaches to dealing with these problems are suggested: analyzing existing program data bases for recidivism and resource absorption, considering recidivism when evaluating programs, tempering clinical enthusiasm with skepticism, matching patients with levels of care appropriate to previous treatment history, and assessing additional benefit derived from increasing amounts of care per patient as part of cost/effectiveness analysis.     

用VB实现Mp3文件的播放

VisualBasic下的多种控件和函数可进行多媒体程序的设计,但是,在VB系统中却没有可播放Mp3的控件.本文给出了利用非VB标准控件Mediaplay和Mp3play.ocx,实现Mp3音频文件播放的两种方法.