艰难困苦玉汝于成--从冰心的《去国》到谌容的《人到中年》

尽管一开始就面临种种复杂的矛盾,现代知识分子关心国家和民族的命运而不委身于国家权威;从人本主义立场出发关心大众,在坎坷与泥泞中走出了自己的闪光之路.     

State Building as a Source of Islamic Political Organization1

Previous research on political Islam in the Middle East and North Africa has been limited in providing a generalizable theory of its origins and systematically account for the cross‐national variation in the prevalence of Islamic movements. Following a state‐centered approach, this study argues that state‐building activities are a primary origin of Islamic movements. Regimes adopt religious symbolism and functions that legitimate the role of Islam in the public sphere. State incorporation of religion thus creates Islam as a frame for political action, with increased access to mobilizing resources and better able to withstand repression and political exclusion. To provide an explicit and systematic test of cross‐national variation, data on 170 political and militant organizations across the region are analyzed. Results indicate that state incorporation of religion is a crucial factor in the religiosity of movement organizations. Mixed effects of political exclusion and repression are found. No support is found for theories of economic grievances or foreign influence as causes of Islamic mobilization. In sum, analysis suggests that a state‐centered perspective is the most fitting account of political Islam.     

Women’s career development in an Arab Middle Eastern context

This study examines women’s perspectives on requirements for enabling their access to senior leadership roles in the under-researched context of the Arab Middle East. It draws on an approach that utilizes qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with academic women working in Saudi Arabia higher education. The findings of this study reveal several culturally responsive strategies for supporting the advancement of women into leading positions within higher education. Also, the study demonstrates how women in Saudi higher education learn to resist patriarchal power structures and gender discrimination, and to develop their own strategies for negotiating those issues. In addition, the results provide evidence of the academy’s importance as an institution that works collaboratively with the government to develop women’s careers. The originality of this paper is its contribution to the limited knowledge that currently exists on women’s career development in the Arab Middle Eastern context. This study also will benefit human resource departments and human resource development practitioners with knowledge regarding the intertwining of social forces with university practices, and gender-related issues, which in turn affect women’s positions in the academy. Additionally, the study suggests that human resource development practitioners should establish policies and practices with respect to gender-related equity issues that could have a positive impact on wider national human resource development systems, and potentially open more opportunities for positive career development for women.     

中古弘农杨氏发展再评述

中古弘农杨氏为北方大族，但却并非汉魏以来杨氏之旧门。此支杨氏因与文明太后之特殊关系而兴起，为了使其家族跻身一流高门之行列，除过伪冒高门之外，建立优美之门风也是其重要举措。此外，在发展道路上，杨氏选择了“文武兼重”的策略并进行了较为成功的实践。     

言归文字外 意出有无间——论贾岛诗的艺术特色

贾岛追攀王维、杜甫，以意为诗，于五言律诗用功甚勤；诗境洗尽铅华，瘦劲孤峭；针砭时弊，独辟蹊径，影响晚唐及江西诗派，堪为一代宗师。     

中东与世界液化天然气贸易

阐述了中东液化天然气的生产和贸易现状，分析了影响中东天然气贸易的因素，并对中东液化天然气的出口和贸易进行了展望。     

“中学一门外语基础过关”的可行性研究

实践证明，只要教学方法科学，学习策略有效，在中学阶段实现一门外语基础过关是可行的。这对促进我国基础教育外语教学改革具有现实意义。     

Women from the Middle East and North Africa in Europe: understanding their marriage and family dynamics

The aim of this article is to assist the understanding of social workers in Europe of marriage and family dynamics among women from Middle East and North African countries who have moved to Europe. The focus of this article is on husband selection processes and family dynamics after marriage in Egypt, which is used as a case study reflecting culture and norms surrounding marriage in this region. This article reports on the findings of doctoral studies which examined marriage patterns and family dynamics in North Africa and in particular in Egypt where more in-depth data were available. The authors reflect issues surrounding values and process of marriage not only in terms of the implications for practice with social work clients or service users, but also in relation to the potential of women from this region who may join the social care workforce.     

美国军事介入中东石油战略利益之透析

冷战后,美国将中东石油视为其最根本的国家利益之一.经济战略利益则是这种国家利益的基础和体现.为了更有效获取和控制中东石油,美国往往通过战争来推进其石油霸权战略.20世纪九十年代以来,美国在大中东地区"牵头"发动四次战争,其实质都是"为石油而战"--以国家利益和"干涉主义"理论为幌子,以武力为后盾独霸中东石油,从而实现其经济战略利益.事实上,美国以军事手段推进的中东石油霸权战略是难以实现的.     

任运随缘 大钓不钓——中晚唐钓鱼诗词的佛禅意趣

钓鱼,本与中国本土的儒道两家文化有着很深的渊源,庄子的《渔父》和屈原的《渔父》,乃文学史上最早以垂钓为题材的作品。唐代,佛学发达,中唐以后禅宗大行于世,钓鱼又带上了佛禅的文化意味,致使这一时期的钓鱼诗词具有了不同于初盛唐同类诗歌的创作旨趣。初盛唐的钓鱼诗大多比较质实,主要描写垂钓的环境和垂钓者怡然自得的情致,以及由垂钓而触发的人生感慨,从而形成一种轻快明净的调子。而中晚唐的钓鱼诗词却不同于此,禅宗不执著、随缘旷放的生命哲学,与道家自然无为、自由逍遥的人生智慧不谋而合,促成了中晚唐士人颓唐、放达的人生态度,诗酒留恋,渔歌畅情,成为士大夫风雅生活的内容之一。佛与渔的相通之处,被发挥到极致。这一时期的钓鱼诗词具有浓厚的佛禅意趣,具体表现为:任运随缘的人生态度;不加外求的佛学禅理;大钓不钓的开悟境界。而从文学映现生活的意义上来说,这些作品则从一个侧面反映了一个时代知识分子阶层的心理期许和人格精神。