The journey of Central American women migrants: engendering the mobile commons

ABSTRACT

This article delves into the concept of the ‘mobile commons’ which is articulated within the Autonomy of Migration (AoM) approach. The AoM literature focuses on migrant agency by advocating that migrants practice ‘escape’ and ‘invisibility’. However, drawing on the stories of women migrants from the Northern Triangle of Central American (NTCA) (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) travelling through Mexico, this article aims to engender and thereby trouble the concept of the mobile commons by questioning several taken-for-granted assumptions that are based on gender-neutral knowledge and dichotomous ways of thinking. Using women’s experiences to question the assumptions made with respect to ‘migrant knowledge’, I show that the knowledge among women migrants from the NTCA is influenced by gendered power imbalances that place women in subordinate positions. The analysis will first focus on explaining the mobile commons as a theoretical concept. Following this, I discuss how conceptualizing the mobile commons through a feminist perspective challenges the ideas of invisible knowledge and trust often integral to the ways in which the concept of the mobile commons is used. Finally, I outline the survival strategies that migrant women may use given their own knowledge of the migration context in Mexico, and reflect on what this means for the scholarly understanding of the ‘mobile commons’.     

唐朝至清朝东北地区人口迁移

移民构成了历史上东北地区人口增长的主体,东北地区人口迁移包括数次战争对人口的掠夺、华北地区逃荒的灾民、到东北地区开垦荒地以谋求生计的关内农民、跟随统治阶级移居东北地区的家仆等。总的看来,历史上东北地区的人口迁移以被迫迁移和强制性迁移为主,较为明显地体现了人口迁移中的距离因素的影响作用。并且人口迁移的意愿、规模等与东北地区丰富的自然资源直接相关。     

改革开放后北京、上海、广州对流动人口的经济拉力因素的分析

本文以推拉理论建立多元线性模型并运用逐步回归的方法,分析改革开放后北京、上海、广州吸引流动人口流入的经济因素。结果显示流动人口主要依据微观经济因素做出流动迁移决策;不同城市对流动人口产生拉力的具体的微观经济因素不尽相同,即使有相同经济拉力因素的城市,拉力的大小也有差异;三城市的流动人口就业的分布不同,广州流动人口就业集中分布于第三产业,北京和上海则不然。     

北京市流动人口的最新状况与分析

本文根据2006年“北京市1‰流动人口调查”数据分析了北京市流动人口的结构、分布、经济状况和居住状况等特征。研究发现,北京市流动人口正在发生结构性的变化,其家庭化的趋势明显;北京的经济优势是吸引流动人口来京的最主要原因;流动人口在京滞留时间较长,很多人已经成为事实上的“北京人”;流动人口的流动渠道和实现就业的渠道具有“非正规”的特性;流动使绝大多数人实现了职业身份的“非农化”,但在进城后流动劳动力继续向上流动的机会减少。另外,本文也探讨了在京流动人口在劳动就业、社会保险、居住条件等方面面临的困境和问题。     

西藏农牧民进城务工的价值引领与法律制度保障

西藏农牧民进城务工有增长之势.职业选择范围窄、劳务工资较低、生活素质较差等问题,折射出西藏农牧民工在劳动技能、职业素质、竞争能力等方面与当下市场经济要求存在一定距离.对此,既要引领农牧民工重视自身素质提高、增强竞争意识,自觉参与劳动技能教育与培训,更要敦促政府完善地方法规,从法律制度上保障各地县的农牧民接受劳动技能培训,建立提升农牧民参与现代化城市建设能力、提高农牧民物质生活的长效机制.     

城市农民工文化适应问题探析

随着我国现代化、工业化步伐的加快,数以亿计的农村剩余劳动力迁移到了城市,同时也带来了诸多社会问题.我们主要运用文化社会学等学科的理论原理,从更深的层面分析农民工在适应城市文化过程中所存在的生活方式、思维方式、人际交往、心理等方面的主要困境,认为城乡文化差距、文化堕距、文化震惊、认知差异等是形成这些困境的原因,应当整合政...     

基于劳动时间分配视角的农户外出务工问题研究

本研究基于劳动时间分配视角对农村劳动力外出务工时间展开分析,首先对农村劳动力外出务工时间分配现状进行描述分析,然后分别对劳动力是否外出务工和外出务工时间决策行为进行了探讨和实证分析。研究结果表明:首先,农村劳动力的外出务工决策受其个体特征(如年龄、性别、人力资本等)、家庭特征(如家庭人均耕地面积)等因素影响;其次,农民工外出务工时间表现出明显的地区、职业类型以及行业差异。     

12-h workdays: current knowledge and future directions

Work schedules other than those based on the traditional 8-h workday duration have become much more common in recent years. Many such schedules compress the work week into three or four longer workdays and include an increased number of days off. In particular, rosters based on 12-h workdays have gained in popularity, and such rosters have been the focus of considerable research. The literature on 12-h workdays is, however, full of inconsistencies. Not surprisingly, there is considerable evidence from some of these studies that 12-h shifts tend to cause more fatigue than 8-h shifts. This extra fatigue may be associated with lower work efficiency, and with more errors and accidents. There is also strong evidence that workers prefer 12-h shifts due to some perceived advantages. The present paper reviews and examines these studies and their findings and discusses some possible reasons for the apparent contradictions in reported findings. Directions for decision makers and future research are suggested.     

中共早期工会开展工人思想政治教育的路径与经验启示--以安源工人俱乐部为例

作为一个用马克思主义理论武装起来的无产阶级政党,中共早期的一大工作重心就是要以马克思主义大众化为抓手对广大工人进行系统的思想启蒙与政治动员,这使得开展思想政治工作就成为中共早期工会的重要任务。为此,安源工人俱乐部等早期工会注重通过学校教育、社会教育、主题纪念及文娱活动等多种有效路径大力加强工人思想政治教育,实施的思想政治工作呈现出形式多样、内容丰富、协同育人、注重实效、喜闻乐见、贴近生活等主要特征。安源工人俱乐部等早期工会开展工人思想政治教育的实践及经验,既具有伟大历史意义,其对当下中国工会的思想政治工作也具有较高启迪价值。     

农村稳定视域下的农民工返乡问题研究

近年来,越来越多进城务工的农民工返回农村,农民工返乡后面临着精神、生存、就业等问题,这些问题解决的如何直接关系到农村社会的稳定。运用了举例、图表、对比等研究方法,描述了农民工返乡的历程,分析了农民工返乡对农村社会稳定的影响,最后提出了笔者认为重要的政策建议。