子女结构对农村养老中的资源交换机制的影响

本文采用2013年“中国健康与养老追踪调查”中甘肃和安徽两省追踪调查数据,运用广义线性模型、 logistic回归模型等分析方法,结合代际支持动机理论和能力理论,考察子女结构对农村养老中的资源交换机制的影响。结果发现：不管是经济支持还是情感支持,长子女和幼子女之间,儿子和女儿之间都存在分工关系和替代关系,以满足老年人的各项需求。子女的孩次、性别均对代际资源交换存在显著影响,孙子女的性别和数量对年轻一代和年老一代的代际动机产生显著影响,其中居住距离、外出务工和父母照料孙子女是不可忽略的中间因素。     

中国人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响研究

本文利用相关年份的《中国统计年鉴》和人口普查数据,根据粗出生率与总和生育率的关系与特征,构建了人口年龄结构系数及其对粗出生率变动影响的贡献率指标,分析了建国以来人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响。研究发现：1949—1979年,人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响很小;1980—1993年,人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响迅速上升,年龄结构的贡献率增大;1994—2008年,人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响趋于下降,人口惯性势能在减弱;2009—2011年,受80—90年代出生高峰的影响,人口年龄结构变动对出生率的影响再次凸显,年龄结构的贡献率迅速增大。从年龄别生育率逐年下降的特点,也可以证明近年推动我国人口增长的力量主要是由于年龄结构带来的惯性增长。     

Dominance and Efficiency in Multicriteria Decision under Uncertainty

This paper proposes several concepts of efficient solutions for multicriteria decision problems under uncertainty. We show how alternative notions of efficiency may be grounded on different decision contexts, depending on what is known about the Decision Maker's (DM) preference structure and probabilistic anticipations. We define efficient sets arising naturally from polar decision contexts. We investigate these sets from the points of view of their relative inclusions and point out some particular subsets which may be especially relevant to some decision situations.     

人体系统与科研系统的耗散结构特征

伴随科学的发展 ,特别是系统科学的产生和发展 ,普利高津的耗散结构论为系统科学奠定了科学的坚实的理论基础 ,有着重要的意义。通过普利高津的理论观点 ,可以探讨其在人体和科研系统的应用与方法 ,其中包括开放性、非线性、涨落性与协同性。同时 ,对负熵流的机理与应用 ,也应给予重视。     

我国物流产业与经济增长关系的实证研究

从影响物流能力要素的角度,利用1991 年至2011 年之间的经济数据对“物流产业”与“经济增长”之间的关系进行实证分析.通过对指标数据进行主成分分析,得出影响物流能力的三个因素为：基础因素、结构因素、市场因素.在此基础上,依据调整后的因素指标数据进行协整分析,得出三因素与经济增长之间具有长期均衡关系,且基础因素、结构因素与经济增长正相关.同时,通过VAR 模型的建立分析了三因素与经济增长之间的短期互动关系,并依据格兰杰因果检验结果对“物流与经济增长”模糊模型进行调整,细化了物流产业与经济增长之间的互动过程.最后,根据实证分析结果,从基础建设、优化结构、产业联动三方面给出相关政策建议.     

Understanding the socio-economic distribution of multiple deprivation: An application of self-organising maps

In this paper we seek to contribute to recent efforts to develop and implement multi-dimensional approaches to social exclusion by applying self-organising maps (SOMs) to a set of material deprivation indicators from the Irish component of EU-SILC. The first stage of our analysis involves the identification of sixteen clusters that confirm the multi-dimensional nature of deprivation in contemporary Ireland and the limitations of focusing solely on income. In going beyond this mapping stage, we consider both patterns of socio-economic differentiation in relation to cluster membership and the extent to which such membership contributes to our understanding of economic stress. Our analysis makes clear the continuing importance of traditional forms of stratification relating to factors such as income, social class and housing tenure in accounting for patterns of multiple deprivation. However, it also confirms the role of acute life events and life cycle and location influences. Most importantly, it demonstrates that conclusions relating to the relative impact of different kinds of socio-economic influences are highly dependent on the form of deprivation being considered. Our analysis suggests that debates relating to the extent to which poverty and social exclusion have become individualized should take particular care to distinguish between different kinds of outcomes. Further analysis demonstrates that the SOM approach is considerably more successful than a comparable latent class analysis in identifying those exposed to subjective economic stress.     

Non-Normal Bivariate Distributions with Normal Marginals

The purpose of this note is to indicate that Fieller's Theorem can be expressed in the matrix formulation of the general linear model. The practical consequence is that one general computer program which can estimate the parameters and test the validity of a pertinent model, can also compute confidence limits for the ratios of any linear combinations of the parameters.     

Efficiency improvement from multiple perspectives: An application to Japanese banking industry

The current study focuses on efficiency improvement for banking systems from multiple perspectives, which have different definitions of input/output about various attributes of a banking system. In this research we utilize data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Nash bargaining game (NBG) theory to improve inefficient banks in order to: (1) Make the inefficient bank be the state of Pareto Optimality for multiple perspectives, which can avoid discontentment of some perspectives. (2) Improve a bank by changing its attributes and provide various improving schemes for decision makers. A numerical case study of Japanese banks is also given to show the results of equilibrium solution from multiple perspectives.