图书馆知识管理与知识管理型馆员

图书馆知识管理是以信息为基础,以知识创新为目标,以人为核心的,在以管理学、计算机科学、图书情报学和专深的专业知识等学科融合的基础上形成的一个新的研究领域。因此,知识管理型馆员应具备一定的科学文化基础、思想道德、专业综合、知识服务和创造力等综合素质。     

A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE: THE CULTURE OF HONOR AND HOMICIDE IN THE US SOUTH

The paper tests the popular hypothesis that the high prevalence of homicide in the South of the United States originates from the settlement by herders from the fringes of Britain in the 18th century. I find that historical Scots‐Irish presence is associated with higher contemporary homicide, particularly by white offenders, and that a culture of violence was transmitted to subsequent generations—but only in the South and, more generally, where historical institutional quality was low. The interpretation is that the Scots‐Irish culture of honor prevailed and persisted as an adaptive behavior to weak institutions. As institutional quality converged between the South and North over the last 200 years, the influence of the culture of honor has been fading over time. The results are robust to controlling for state fixed effects and for a large number of historical and contemporary factors, as well as to relying on instrumental variables for historical settlements. The results are also specific to a particular type of homicide and background of settlers.     

“乘X”与“趁X”——兼论“乘便”、“趁便”的词汇化机制

现代汉语中的介词绝大多数都是由古代汉语中的动词虚化发展而来的,汉语的双音节化和注重口语表达影响着介词的词汇化过程,而＂乘＂和＂趁＂在经历了一个＂相异→趋同→替代＂的过程后,形成了一个独特的＂假借→类推＂的融合型词汇化模式。通过共时性的研究,明确了介词性和使用规律;而历时性分析,加深了对二者的区分度,确立了词汇化机制;现代汉语中,＂乘＂和＂趁＂不再具有能产性,只在固定格式中出现。     

模因理论下“山寨X”构式的衍生动因

＂山寨X＂新词的诞生,是认知主体体验现实表征,形成心理表征,实现语言表征的过程。伴随着＂山寨＂语素的去范畴化和＂X＂语素的泛化,＂山寨＂由词汇地位降格为一个构词语素。＂山寨X＂构式的多产性与＂山寨＂语素语义的差异性缘于认知心理、认知方式和语言本身对语言模因的驱动。     

一些英语字母的根表意

西方分析文化及其背后的演绎逻辑和归纳逻辑,让我们可以根据英语单词的定义,不仅推论出英语字母的根表意,而且推论出英语单词背后所隐含的图画.鉴于文献[1]所揭示的一些英语字母的根表意不够完备、或存在一些错误,本文系统地揭示出字母l,h,c,k,b,p,d,q,e,X和Y的根表意.笔者认为:西方人的线性思维方式决定了字母l可以表示任何人或事物(anybody/anything),这是揭示其他10个英语字母根表意的关键,因为字母l是其他10个英语字母的基本构成元素.     

“X不是A,而是B”新构式的认知研究

在"X不是A,而是B"新构式中,"X是B"表达式的形成是"作用和功能指代事物"的转喻思维的体现,运作的机理是A和B发生了外延内涵的传承。"X不是A,而是B"新构式形成的动因是追求语言表达的经济性和新颖性,在"相邻吸纳"原则的作用下典型的递进结构的部分成分隐去,从而形成表递进关系的假性否定结构。     

现代汉语"超+X"格式的多角度考察

本文探究“超 X”现代汉语中格式的句法特点、表义机制、语用功能等以及一些相关问题。     

Mothering Mothers: An Exploration of the Perceptions of Adult Children of Divorce

It is clear that divorce shapes children's and adolescents lives in a variety of ways and that these are largely negative – they have worse physical and psychological health, they are less well‐off financially and have an increased likelihood of themselves divorcing. Aside from outcomes which are easily measurable, less is known about the ways in which divorce impacts on long‐term relationships ‐ particularly those between children and their parents. This exploratory paper looks at the relationships between divorced mothers and their adult children and finds that, like other studies, their relationships are marked by intimacy, but unlike other studies, this intimacy is neither enjoyed nor embraced. The participants report that their mothers were damaged by the separation, that their anger is ongoing many years afterwards. It is argued that these factors, amongst others, contribute to the ambivalent relationships some of the participants perceive they have with their mothers today and their uncertainty about caring for them in the future.     

δ15N examination of the Lindeman-Hutchinson-Peters theory of increasin omnivory with trophic height in aquatic foodwebs

The advent of stable nitrogen isotope analysis in ecological research has at last enabled precise identification of trophic position and omnivory due to the differential enrichment of¹⁵N over¹⁴N with progressive assimilation up the foodweb. I compiled literature data on δ¹⁵N values in freshwater and marine foodwebs to search for qeneral patterns in omnivory, specifically the supposition originally proposed by Lindeman (1942) and most recently advanced by Peters (1977), that omnivory should increase with trophic height or position. Omnivory, measured as average intraspecific variability in δ¹⁵N, was indeed found to increase with trophic height, such that species at the top of foodwebs were comprised of animals relying, on average, on energy originating from a mixture of different trophic categories.     

析"N是N"结构

单用的名词同语式"N是N"根据内在结构的不同,我们把它分为两类:主谓结构的名词同语式和紧缩结构的名词同语式.前者表达一种分辨性肯定,后者表达一种礼貌性肯定.两者的字面信息都不够,听者必须联系语境,调用社会知识,通过推理,才能解出说话者所要传达的信息.