对我国当前科技审美若干问题的初步探索——兼领会恩格斯《自然辩证法》中的美学思想

人类的活动包括科技创新活动,人类能够预先为这些活动设定方向和范围,为自然界发生某种运动创造必需的条件。倡导科技审美,科技工作者要按照人的本质力量要求和自然生态提供的物质资料能力限定科技活动的范围,要协调政府行政行为与自然生态的关系,促进政府行政行为与自然生态环境一体化发展。在科技支持文化建设的过程中,要注意大自然提供材料的能力,力求保持社会主义文化建设进程中自然界的平衡发展。对妨碍社会稳定的风险要做新的认识,注意自然供给失衡可能造成的风险。要扬弃狭隘的二元对立思维方式,在观念和实践两个层面促进人与自然的一体化发展:对自然的损坏就是对自己的损坏,对自然的修复就是增强人的体质。     

The gendered dimensions of bushfire in changing rural landscapes in Australia

This paper examines gender differences in awareness, preparedness and attitudes towards bushfire amongst landholders in rural landscapes affected by amenity-led in-migration in southeast Australia. It considers the potential of conceptualising bushfire not as a gender-neutral natural phenomenon but as an important means by which traditional gender roles and power relations within rural landscapes are maintained. Landholders were found to uphold conventional views of bushfire management as “men’s business” despite changing social circumstances. Consequently, key gender differences exist within landholders’ bushfire risk awareness, bushfire knowledge, the perceived need for bushfire preparedness measures, the willingness to perform certain tasks, and the belief in personal capacity to act. We argue that covert and less visible as well as overt gender roles and traditions are important factors in understanding landholders’ engagement with bushfire management. When gendered dimensions of bushfire are investigated in the context of hegemony, a paradox emerges between women choosing not to take control of their own bushfire safety and women being denied the opportunity to take control. The complex and contradictory actions and attitudes to bushfire that materialise through an analysis of gendered social experiences complicate attempts to create more gender-sensitive frameworks for bushfire management. The tenacious and embedded nature of gender role divisions within both public and private spheres was furthermore found to act as economic, social and political stumbling blocks for empowerment opportunities. Using a mixed-methods research approach, this paper maps out gendered dimensions of bushfire through landholders’ narratives and actions. The implications of these dimensions for bushfire management have direct relevance to recent international discussions of the vulnerability of the growing number of people living in bushfire-prone rural–urban interface areas.     

Disasters,donations, and tax law changes: Disentangling effects on subjective well-being by exploiting a natural experiment

This study investigates (i) whether an increase in donations in the aftermath of disasters can mitigate the negative effects on subjective well-being (SWB), and if so, (ii) whether policy measures, such as tax law changes, can amplify this mitigating effect by providing further incentives for donations. To analyze these questions, we use data on the recent, impactful triple disaster on March 11, 2011 in Japan (3–11). Coincidentally, only three months after the disaster, a long-planned change in tax law was put into effect that allows higher tax deductions for charitable donations. Applying a moderated mediation analysis to a unique dataset, we are able to disentangle the total rise of donations into positive effects that are caused by the disaster itself and positive effects that are caused by the recent change in the Japanese tax law. The results of our study are as follows: First, we show that about 30% of the direct negative effect of 3–11 on SWB is mediated and mitigated by donations. Second, we show that the change in taxation law could have further mitigated the negative SWB effects of 3–11, if more people had been aware of it. However, since a large majority of the Japanese public had not even been aware of the tax law change, potential mitigating effects by increased donations have not been realized. As for policy implications, our results show that governments can create incentives for donations that not only support disaster reconstruction, but also mitigate the negative SWB effects of disasters.     

欲望与理性之间:浮士德的疯癫

The Tragedy of the Doctor Faustus of Christopher Marlowe showed the conflicts between the irreconcilable values in Renaissance. And Faust's tragedy was rooted in his own conflicts between reason and de...     

无声的抵抗与决绝的坚守——评刘克邦散文集《自然抵达》

刘克邦的《自然抵达》将自然作为一种写作境界与美学追求,从自然而然的生命感知出发,抵抗媒介话语对我们感知的规训,还原了生存世界本身丰厚的质地和多维的面相。他坚决抵抗各种“后”思潮对情感的放逐,坚持情感对于散文写作的本体性与本位性,把俯拾皆是但又极为不易处理的世俗情感写得自然、逼真、圆润与饱满,显示其对这种普通情感状态独特的把握与掌控能力。《自然抵达》是一种有态度的写作,刘克邦以一种决绝而不妥协的姿态叩问自我,针砭时弊,守望理想,传递正能量,这与当前那种将散文写作闲适化与矫情化,放逐价值立场的写作态度大相径庭。     

论《自然辩证法》在我国的传播历程——纪念恩格斯逝世110周年

《自然辩证法》是恩格斯的主要理论贡献。它自前苏联传入我国,经历了三个传播时期:对《自然辩证法》一书的学习、理解和介绍时期;自然辩证法理论在我国加速传播并被确认为独立学科的时期;自然辩证法在我国大发展时期。《自然辩证法》在我国的传播极大地促进了我国科学哲学(含技术哲学)、科学思想史等诸多学科的发展,使人们把对自然科学的研究同社会科学紧密地结合起来,这对我们今天着力建设人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会也有着巨大的指导意义。     

寻找失去的乐园——生态批评视野下的托妮·莫瑞森小说

从生态批评角度重读莫瑞森作品,对于重新认识和解读莫瑞森有着积极的拓展意义。从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三方面全方位考察莫瑞森的作品,可以感知到人与自然、文明与自然,以及人的物质和精神生活是如何相互作用而最终导致生态恶化的。文明固然是一种进步,但是在以远离自然和破坏自然为代价的文明发展制度下,人类终将遭受肉体和心灵的惩罚,只有回归自然返璞归真才是人类最终的出路。     

中国特色社会主义现代文化发展探析——基于对文化本质、动因、现实局限性的研究

文化是人们在共同的生活实践中形成和发展起来的,为人们所认同的反映其生活特色的精神内涵及其物质形式,对社会的发展进步具有重要的推进作用。在建设中国特色社会主义的今天,对文化及其发展原因和现实局限性进行研究,有利于我们在对文化的全面把握中建设中国特色社会主义现代文化。     

经典重温的教育学意蕴——在柏拉图与卢梭之间

教育学的发展离不开经典的滋养,需要不断学习经典的教育情怀与建构教育学的方式.笔者从政治哲学的视角出发,重读柏拉图与卢梭的教育思想,对教育学的建构有三重意义:从自然正义到自然权利——教育思想价值取向的转换;从“统一”到“公意”——教育理论思维的传统与创新;从“隐微”到“直白”——教育思想叙述范式的个性化.     

Generalized additive modelling of sample extremes

Summary.  We describe smooth non-stationary generalized additive modelling for sample extremes, in which spline smoothers are incorporated into models for exceedances over high thresholds. Fitting is by maximum penalized likelihood estimation, with uncertainty assessed by using differences of deviances and bootstrap simulation. The approach is illustrated by using data on extreme winter temperatures in the Swiss Alps, analysis of which shows strong influence of the north Atlantic oscillation. Benefits of the new approach are flexible and appropriate modelling of extremes, more realistic assessment of estimation uncertainty and the accommodation of complex dependence patterns.