一个微机项目管理软件包(PMIS2)

本文首先介绍了项目信息管理软件在国内外的开发及应用情况。在分析国情的基础上提出了综合性项目信息系统的构成。讨论了一个在AM1092超级微机上完成的项目信息管理软件包PMIS2的构成和功能。对支持PMIS2的小型关系数据库REDBALex进行了分析。最后提供了几点在微机系统上开发信息系统软件的经验。     

多种车流网络到单种车流网络的等价变换

本文讨论了多种车流网络到单种车流网络的等价变换方法。在实际的运输问题中,常会遇到多种车流的问题,采用了本方法之后,可使问题的解决变得较为简便,从而也提高了计算的效率。文中首先讨论了两种车流的情况,然后也述及一般情况,最后给出了两种车流的实际算例。     

短信传播：网络传播的有效补充与延伸

在信息传播过程中,手机短信的突出表现使人们开始将其视为"第五媒体"。本文在否定这一说法的同时,分析了短信传播在基本特征方面与网络传播的一致性,并提出短信传播可以被视为网络传播的有效补充与延伸。     

网络环境下大学生图书馆信息行为实证研究——以广州大学为例

参照OCLC关于高校信息用户信息行为及信息需求报告"College Students'Perceptions of Libraries Information Resources"的思路,采用问卷调查方法和统计分析法分析研究广州大学学生在图书馆的信息需求及信息行为,得知多数学生喜欢去图书馆是为了自修、借书和阅读,其中自修已成为多数学生去图书馆的主要目的;学生随着就读年级的递增利用图书馆则越熟练,找书的方式就越趋科学合理;学生的信息需求依次是时事娱乐、音乐、健康和就业。九成以上的学生通过互联网获取信息,只有四成的学生通过报刊获取信息,传统的图书馆报刊阅览服务受到挑战。因此,应从加强学科文献资源建设、优化资源配置、开展网络专题信息导航服务、加强导读服务等四方面着手改进高校图书馆工作,以更好地服务于大学生读者。     

网络“类民间组织”的演化机制与社会影响探析

以"宝贝回家"公益寻子网站为个案,对网络"类民间组织"的演化机制进行考察,主张网络"类民间组织"的演化机制可以分为形成、发展、规范和成熟四个阶段。同时,对网络"类民间组织"的社会影响进行探究,发现网络"类民间组织"在推动公众参与、扩大民间组织影响力、促进社会协调发展及拓宽行政监督途径方面具有积极意义;但是,由于受自身发展存在的缺陷及法治建设迟缓等因素的影响,网络"类民间组织"亦易造成社会失序、网络舆情"非理性"等消极影响。鉴于此,从营造发展环境、转变培育方式、深化内部管理机制、推进立法进程、健全监管体系等方面提出促进中国网络"类民间组织"健康发展的政策建议。     

From “an open field” to established “waves”: Public relations scholarship through the lens of Public Relations Review

Public Relations Review is the oldest academic journal of public relations, celebrating its 45th year in 2020. This research analyzes the journal through a bibliometric census and co-citation analysis of every article in its history. Initial findings were shared with 17 senior scholars, who provided their insights on the history of the journal and its impact on the growth of the discipline. The interviews produced multiple themes regarding the impact of the journal and the evolution of research. Findings from the mixed-methods analysis include that research in the journal has grown exponentially and become more cohesive over time, that Public Relations Review has been a responsive vehicle for scholarly growth, that a wide variety of economic incentives have driven the agendas of the journal (and of researchers), and that fostering healthy disagreement among researchers is among the next steps forward for the discipline.     

Reinforced structural holes

Holes in social structure are variably reinforced by the social organization around the hole. The more reinforced the hole, the greater the difficulty in bridging it, but the more likely a successful bridge will carry information novel, and so potentially valuable, to people on the other side. To study how reinforcement varies with access to structural holes, and the achievement associated with access, I propose a measure of access to reinforced structural holes (RSH), and present results predicting achievement in an integrated banker organization and a balkanized supply-chain organization. In both study populations, the people who have access to structural holes also have access to reinforced structural holes, and all measures of access have a statistically significant association with achievement. However, there is no consistent prediction advantage from incorporating reinforcement in measures of access to structural holes. The reinforced-holes measure predicts compensation better or as well as network constraint and betweenness, but is weaker or no better than a count of nonredundant contacts. I do not infer from the results a rank-order of alternative measures so much as substitutability. I expect achievement to be associated with access to structural holes, but I expect the association to vary across alternative measures depending on how achievement is achieved in a specific population.     

In transit: Changing social networks of sub-Saharan African migrants in Turkey and Greece

Research on the role of social networks in human migration has mainly relied on single snapshots in time. This paper focuses on the changes in composition and usage of the transnational networks of migrants and why these changes occur. It is based on ethnography and network analysis with forty sub-Saharan African migrants in two transit contexts: Turkey and Greece, over a 17-month period. Findings show that relationship preferences, resources and communication infrastructures constitute an individual opportunity infrastructure affecting how critical events produce network changes. This process is ongoing through the continued experience of critical events, suggesting that the role of networks fluctuates over time.     

Optimal pricing for group buying with network effects

In this paper, we analyze online group-pricing mechanisms for sellers and compare them with the option of selling only to individuals. We formulate the demand for group buying and individual buying (GB and IB, respectively) based on the utility a consumer attains from each environment considering two specific types of externalities unique to our problem. First, we assume that consumers receive positive “network effects” from GB, i.e., they obtain utility from shopping with others because of information exchange and collective support. Second, they encounter a negative externality of group buying because of inconvenience costs and delays in receiving the products. The two types of externalities lead to distorted demand, which in turn affects prices and profits. We analyze the optimal and equilibrium strategies for a seller operating in monopoly, duopoly, and multiple-firm competition. We derive the equilibrium strategies and show the existence of a Nash Equilibrium under competition of multiple firms. In addition, we show that positive network effects from group buying often outweigh the negative externalities arising from costs.     

计算机性能与异构计算

介绍了传统的高性能计算机的局限性和异构计算的基本原理;指出异构计算具有更高的计算资源利用率,计算任务的总体执行时间最短。