选择与限制:生育过程中的终止妊娠措施——基于规范和实践层面的价值权衡

终止妊娠问题在规范层面一是作为对于违反计划生育规定生育子女的行为所采取的纠正措施之一而存在的;二是对基于非医学需要性别鉴定/选择的终止妊娠的禁止,但存在当事人终止妊娠的动机难以确定、控制性别比例的初衷难以实现、对符合生育条件的妇女与不符合生育条件的妇女区别对待、缺乏设定行政许可的上位法依据等问题。在实践层面上,选择性别的终止妊娠未得到真正禁止。规范与实践层面问题背后的出路在于厘清问题所涉及到的权利冲突,并对其进行价值权衡。     

关于标准的文学研究话题——韦勒克《文学理论》核心内容讲稿

韦勒克主撰的、被学界奉为经典中的经典的<文学理论>,认为规范的文学研究应该绝对围绕文学本身展开.如此"标准"设定有着著者出色的学理论证与深广的批评实践的有力支撑,它对于规范我们的学术行为,有值得恪守(而不是固守)的必要.     

南宋唐仲友的经制思想

儒家学者唐仲友的经制思想不仅表现为一个重在经史和制度考证的学术形态,也对南宋高宗、孝宗朝的政治问题进行了积极思考,具有特定的时代意义。就学思传统而言,它主要表现出对王安石新学与程氏洛学的反思和吸收,其精神特质与宋代新儒学的发展密不可分。在观念体系上则涵括了道德形上学基础、治道和治法三个层次,后两者构成其主体。长远来看,他可以视作近世儒家经世思想中治法派的先驱之一。     

The Path of the Minimum l p -Norm Estimator for p Between 1 and Infinity

The minimum l^p-norm estimator is the point that minimizes the sum of the distance from each data point in the l^p-norm. The path of this location estimate for an l^p-norm is found as p goes from 1 to infinity. This path indicates how critical the selection of an exponent is. An alternative proof of Descartes's rule of signs, applied to exponential sums, limits the number of repeated exponents for the same minimum point with usual data sets. Several bounds on this path include that it stays among the averages of pairs of data points.     

The State as a Norm‐Builder? The Take‐up of Parental Leave in Norway and Sweden

This study shows that although Norway and Sweden have rather similar family policies, the seemingly small differences that exist reflect different national ideals of care, and these differences encourage parents to employ different gendered moral rationalities. However, Sweden's ideal of ‘equal‐sharing/professional care’, encourages fathers to take longer leaves than the Norwegian ideal of ‘partial sharing plus choosing between professional or parental care’. Given their different national ideals of caring, different gendered moral rationalities emerge. While in Norway the dominant gendered moral rationality among our interviewees is ‘man‐doing‐his‐duty’, in Sweden two different rationalities arise: the ‘breastfeeding‐plus‐sharing’ rationality and the ‘male‐opt‐out’. This conclusion is based on 60 interviews with mothers and fathers in Oslo and Stockholm.     

The Fragility of a Nudge: the power of self-set norms to contain a social dilemma

Can self-set normative goals restrain free-riding in a social dilemma? In a first experimental study, we test the effect of two different types of self-set normative goals on people’s willingness to cooperate in a public good game. Focusing on the level of contributions that one can at least be expected to make proves effective at restraining the material incentive to free-ride. Yet in two later studies, with only a minimal change in the wording of the goal, the effect does not replicate. The mental process is still present. But if the overall level of cooperation is higher, the effect is not strong enough to significantly increase contributions. The nudge does not work if the context is too cooperative in the first place.     

Outcomes of a Technology-Based Social Norms Intervention to Deter Alcohol Use in Freshman Residence Halls

Objective: The authors tested a prototype intervention designed to deter alcohol use in residence halls. Participants: Approximately 384 freshmen participated in the study over a 2-year period. Methods: The authors devised a feedback method that assessed residents' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at night and allowed the readings to be retrieved the next day via the Web. Residents in an intervention hall received their BAC readings as well as normative feedback. In a comparison hall, residents could retrieve only the BAC readings. Results: The authors found statistically significant hall differences, but they were small in size and not meaningful. Conclusions: Qualitative findings suggest the intervention had an overall positive impact, but the actions of a subgroup of rebellious drinkers might have obscured the effect. Social norms interventions could provoke some episodes of excessive drinking in students who find these messages objectionable. More research is needed to evaluate delayed BAC feedback.     

乡村召唤与现实政治需要之间的两难——论赵树理20世纪40年代末至50年代中期的创作困境

被树为"赵树理方向"以后的赵树理面临着更多的矛盾和冲突,写于20世纪40年代末的<邪不压正>受到简单化的粗暴批评,而写于50年代初的<三里湾>则在时代的政治任务与他本人的乡村观察之间存在着较大的缝隙.这种深层矛盾终于通过他的一封私人通信作了较为直接的披露.     

联合国在国际社会中的作用

联合国自创立伊始就成为国际关系中的一项核心制度.从联合国对使用武力的限制、维和和监督行动的迅速扩展、围绕安理会改革的争议及其对国际标准和准则的倡导等四个方面来看,联合国发挥了不可替代的作用,而且仍将在国际社会的转型过程中发挥重要作用.     

论环境法律规范的有效性

环境法律规范的有效性研究对于理性地分析现行的环境保护法律,具有重要意义;也能建立一个理论分析的框架,用以解释很多在以往看似支离破碎、毫无关联的问题。现行环境法律原则存在的问题包括:目的原则(环境保护和经济发展的二元论)之间的抵触;结构性法律原则(环境正义)的缺失;(纯粹)意识形态性法律原则(例如人权原则)没有发挥其在环境保护中应有的作用。此外,还存在环境法律规则的漏洞,环境法律规则之间的抵触,以及环境法律原则与环境法律规则的抵触。达致环境法律规范的体系有效性,应重视法律原则的提炼,环境法律规范的统一和秩序,环境法律规则与原则的协调以及环境问题作为环境法研究起始点的设定。