Policing, collective action and social movement theory: the case of the Northern Ireland civil rights campaign

In this paper we examine the relationship between social movements and the police through an analysis of the Civil Rights Movement (CRM) which emerged in the late 1960s in Northern Ireland. Following della Porta (1995) and Melucci (1996) we argue that the way in which episodes of collective action are policed can affect profoundly both levels of mobilization and the orientation of social movements. We also submit that the symbolic and representational dimensions of policing can be a significant trigger in the stimulation of identification processes and collective action. The paper concludes by questioning some of the assumptions contained within social movement theory, and their applicability to divided societies such as Northern Ireland.     

Counter-geographies: The campaign against rationalisation of agricultural research stations in New South Wales, Australia

This paper discusses an example of community action mounted in a rural region of New South Wales, Australia, in response to proposals by the State Government to rationalise agricultural research stations operated by the Department of Primary Industries. Informed by a Foucaultian understanding of power and the concept of governmentality, neoliberalism is theorised as being the broad governmental context in which rationalisation proposals were put forward. Recent literature drawing on this theoretical perspective has emphasised that neoliberalism is enacted through a relationship of power, and is not monolithic or inevitable. Neoliberalism is always negotiated by those seeking to govern and those who are the object of such governmental actions. This paper analyses how plans to rationalise publicly funded agricultural research stations were opposed by those seeking to keep research facilities open in the case study area. The paper discusses the methods and scope of community action and, drawing on interviews, identifies a series of discourses articulated by campaigners. Non-local actors were depicted as uncaring and insensitive. In contrast, campaigners discussed the emergence of a ‘city-country divide’ in domestic politics; the need for specialist agricultural knowledge given the region's unique geographical location; and local impacts of an economic, social and emotional nature. Central were discourses of maintaining community, tradition, and continuity in unique local places defined by their climate, biophysical environment and economy. These were ‘counter-geographies’ that sought (successfully, it would transpire) to disrupt the state's imagined geography of a homogenous and flexible administrative space in which research services could be relocated wherever most efficient. Important too were embodied resistances to the way rural industries and people were subjected. Campaigners refused to accept preferred codes of neoliberal behaviour (particularly mobility and rationality) and instead demanded respect for their careers, families and communities. Important considerations are suggested for further research on impacts and negotiations of neoliberalism. This study particularly highlights the successes—as well as contradictions and limitations—of arguments that construct rural places as socialised, unique and unfairly treated (by governments), in opposition to metropolitan dominance and ‘placeless’ neoliberalism.     

论黄庭坚的辞赋创作

在北宋后期的赋坛,黄庭坚是继苏轼之后的又一位重要作家。黄庭坚充分认识到个人修养与辞赋创作的关系,也认识到超越辞赋的创作传统必须建立在继承、融会传统的基础上。他的散体赋或表现道德情怀,或探索艺术人生,见解深刻,情韵悠远,语言精警。他的骚体赋继承并发展了骚体传统,充分展示了对高洁人格的向往和对道德完善的追求。在艺术上,他的赋重在传神写意,使辞赋中的铺张描写赋予诗意般的韵致,在一定程度上发展了辞赋描写心灵感受的功能。他的赋重兴寄、重含蓄,融会传统,自由挥洒而又不逾规矩。     

试论北宋文人词价值取向

随着北宋商品经济的繁荣，图安逸、恣欢乐、享太平成了这一时期文人私生活中的一个重要特征。中，下层文人一面饮酒狎妓，一面以词为生，使词的商业价值和情感价值得到体现；上层文人在富贵与安逸的同时，以雅致的羡学风尚，提升了词的情感内涵。     

皖北传统建筑风格与构造特征初探——以毫州北关历史街区为例

通过对亳州北关历史街区的调查研究，探索皖北地区传统建筑风格与构造特征。该地区保留下来的传统建筑多为明清时期遗存，因皖北地处于南、北方的过渡区域，其建筑风格在北方建筑的厚重感、围合度高及风格朴实基础上兼有各种南方建筑的元素。     

论韩侂胄与开禧北伐

南宋重臣韩■胄领导的开禧北伐，在思想上、政治上、军事上都作了较充分的准备，符合历史发展趋势，故能以胜利开始，但由于朝廷的腐朽、投降派的猖獗、主和派得势、秦桧余党的卑劣、内部的叛徒和用人不当等等原因，终以失败告终，故开禧北伐并非没有准备和自不量力，更不能把韩■胄当奸臣对待。     

两晋南北朝妇女参政考

两晋南北朝妇女的参政活动,比三国时期有所增加。其中宫廷妇女参政机会较多,士族妇女可以有机会参政,庶族妇女在特殊情况下也能参政。研究这一比较突出的现象,对于这一时期的社会政治的嬗变可以有一个更加全面的把握。     

北朝碑刻胡姓改化姓氏词初探

少数民族姓氏简化有规律可循，大体上是将简化的单姓与当时社会上流行的单姓（多为汉姓）相结合，改后的单姓与原有复姓之间或语音上、或语义上、或文字上总是存在种种联系，体现了改姓之初有利于民族融和的意旨。这可以从北朝碑刻中胡姓改化姓氏词得到证明。     

RNA电泳结果和Northern blot效果的关系探讨

对RNA电泳结果和Northernblot效果的关系进行了探讨，结果表明利用RNA电泳结果可判断最终Northernblot的质量。     

南北朝赋创作的得失

由于统治者对赋创作的引导,南朝赋创作题材狭隘,思想境界不高、多缺乏社会现实意义,但题材上有新的开拓,有些题材的开掘比前为深,山水赋、田园赋和反映社会变革及重大政治事件的作品,抒发作家个人情怀的作品都产生了成熟的具有代表性的佳作。南朝赋也与其抒情化、诗化的趋向相一致,在语言艺术方面达到了相当高的水平。北朝赋数量少,但南朝作家入北,南方的创作技巧和语言艺术上积累的经验与北方刚毅之气及作家之思乡情绪结合起来,便产生了一些具有较高的认识价值和深刻的社会内容的作品。从赋的总体发展趋向来说,整个南北朝时代,是一个逐渐抒情化的过程,也是一个逐渐诗化的过程,从艺术表现方面说,南北朝也是赋在形式上进一步美化的过程。南北朝赋在开拓和深掘题材、挖掘汉语艺术表现功能方面,在根据社会的发展变化重新寻找自己的发展目标方面是取得了突出的成绩的。