日本“古学”与“国学”的各自分工及学理关联

"古学"与"国学",是日本近世两大重要的思想流派.各自的集大成者荻生徂徕和本居宣长,取向上有差异,话语上有分别,但学脉上有关联,观点上有承袭.在将实用主义和民族主义同时植入自己学说体系内,并为它们营造可以连续生长的文化环境乃至政治环境的问题上,两者间并无龃龉,且成为日本近世思想链条上前后衔续、难以分断的两大逻辑连环.     

What influences respondents to behave consistently when asked to consent to health record linkage on repeat occasions?

This study constitutes the first longitudinal exploration of consent to link survey and administrative data. It examines variations in consent over time and explores the influence of the respondents’ characteristics (both observed and latent) and the impact of the interviewers on consent co-operation. Respondent inclination to consent is modelled as a latent construct. Most respondents behave consistently over time. However, this consistency is not driven by a strong inclination to consent but rather by the circumstances of the respondents at the time of the interview and by the impact of the interviewers themselves. The findings also show that the change in consent behaviour over time is a clear indication that consent should be treated as a dynamic phenomenon at the individual level.     

Relationship between job control,work pressure and strain: Studies in the USA and in The Netherlands

The purpose of this study was to test a model of job control, work pressure and strain in two samples in the USA and in The Netherlands. According to the proposed model, work pressure has a mediating role between job control and worker strain. The present model specifies three types of job control: task or instrumental control, conceptual or resource control, and decision organization control. Task and resource control are assumed to reduce the stressor of work pressure which, in turn, is related to high strain. Organization control is assumed to be positively related to work pressure. The model was tested in two samples : one US sample of 273office employees and one Dutch sample of 958 employees in a variety of jobs. The same measure of job control was used in both samples. Resultspartially confirm the proposed model. As predicted by the proposed model, high task control was related to low work pressure, whereas high organization control was related to high work pressure. The effects of task control and organization control on strain were mediated by work pressure for the measure of anxiety in the US sample and for the measure of stress in the Dutch sample. However, the mediating effect of work pressure was not found for job satisfaction in both samples, for the measure of mood disturbances in the US sample and for the measure of sick days in the Dutch sample. The proposed model is only partially confirmed by the results. These results confirm the importance of differentiating between different dimensions of job control.     

城市文明学:全球化时代城市文明实践的学理呼唤

城市文明学属于应用文明学范畴。全球化时代的城市文明建设实践的深入发展,迫切呼唤加强城市文明基础理论研究,构建城市文明学的理论体系,审视城市文明的内在本质,统观城市文明的历史演进,超越城市文明的重重困境,评判城市文明的人性价值,指导城市文明的发展方向。     

Inverse association between total testosterone concentrations,incident hypertension and blood pressure

Background.?Studies on the relationship between testosterone concentrations and blood pressure have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study investigated the prospective association of total testosterone (TT) concentrations with risk of incident hypertension and blood pressure change in 1484 men aged 20–79 years.

Methods.?Data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany, were used. Serum TT concentrations, measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays, were categorised into age-specific quartiles. Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models, adjusted for age, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption were specified.

Results.?During a median follow-up time of 5.0 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 50.6% to 57.1%. TT concentrations were significantly lower in men with baseline and incident hypertension. Analyses revealed that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident hypertension (odds ratio (OR), 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10–1.28)) compared to men with higher TT concentrations. Furthermore, we found a significant inverse association of TT concentrations and blood pressure, showing that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile showed the slightest change in systolic blood pressure (?6.01?mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (?2.11?mmHg) and pulse pressure (?3.98?mmHg). Sensitivity analyses in a subpopulation of men without antihypertensive medication confirmed these findings.

Conclusion.?These results show that low male TT concentrations are predictive of hypertension, suggesting TT as a potential biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk.     

企业竞争行为的回应预测研究

竞争回应的预测是竞争互动领域的一个核心论题。由于传统的竞争互动理论主要是以市场行为为核心的研究,而在相当大的程度上忽视了非市场行为的重要性与价值。本文以中国家电行业为研究对象,采用结构化内容分析法,试图从市场与非市场的角度全面探讨竞争回应的预测问题,以期为中国企业的管理者们在制定与实施战略,以及预测竞争对手策略与行为选择时提供一些重要的实践启示。     

A method for consideration of conditional dependencies in the Fellegi and Sunter model of record linkage

An objective of Record Linkage is to link two data files by identifying common elements. A popular model for doing the separation is the probabilistic one from Fellegi and Sunter. To estimate the parameters needed for the model usually a mixture model is constructed and the EM algorithm is applied. For simplification, the assumption of conditional independence is often made. This assumption says that if several attributes of elements in the data are compared, then the results of the comparisons regarding the several attributes are independent within the mixture classes. A mixture model constructed with this assumption has been often used. Within this article a straightforward extension of the model is introduced which allows for conditional dependencies but is heavily dependent on the choice of the starting value. Therefore also an estimation procedure for the EM algorithm starting value is proposed. The two models are compared empirically in a simulation study based on telephone book entries. Particularly the effect of different starting values and conditional dependencies on the matching results is investigated.     

中华学与中国古代史研究

中华学的创立，有助于从根本上消除封建正统史观的影响，建立新的古史体系；有助于从更大的时空范围研究中国古代史；有助于认识中华文明对世界的贡献；有助于推动中华史的研究     

学缘网络维度下留学人员社团组织形态的变迁

根据学缘网络理论建构分析在英、法、德三国的中国留学人员社团组织发展情况发现,与以往历史时期的留学人员社团组织相比较,新的社团组织受时代发展的影响,在组织形式、基本性质、组织目标等诸多方面都发生了巨大的变化。这就要求我国以全球化的视野和全新的方式方法处理留学人员社团组织问题,妥善加以引导,使其在留学人员权益保障、人才引进等方面充分发挥作用。     

历史的智识：中国百年公司法史的解读与启迪

公司与公司法均舶自西方。洋务运动是中国以“公司”这种企业模式组织经济生产的最初尝试,同时这种生产方式催生了公司法在中国的诞生。而公司和公司法在中国历史长河中的浮沉,也反映了中国寻求现代化道路的坎坷与执着。解读中国百年公司法,会对我们今天的公司立法产生启示与共鸣。