对高职办公自动化课程教学的思考

办公自动化课程是高职院校的一门计算机类基础课程,其目标是使学生熟练掌握计算机系统知识及办公自动化软、硬件的操作,本文对当前办公自动化课程教学中存在的问题进行研讨,提出了基于教学互动的实践教学、基于办公实景的案例教学、基于知识共享的分组教学等教学方法,并就该课程采用综合考核方法进行了分析研究。     

Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential?: evidence from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study

The effect of social mobility on the socioeconomic differential in mortality is examined with data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. The analyses involve 46 980 men aged 45–64 years in 1981. The mortality risk of the socially mobile is compared with the mortality risk of the socially stable after adjustment for their class of origin (their social class in 1971) and class of destination (their social class in 1981) separately. Among those in employment there is some evidence that movement out of their class of origin is in the direction predicted by the idea of health-related social mobility. This evidence, however, seems strongest for causes of death which are least likely to have been preceded by prolonged incapacity. Movement into the class of destination, however, shows the opposite relationship with mortality. Compared with the socially stable members of their class of destination, the upwardly mobile tend to have higher mortality and the downwardly mobile tend to have lower mortality. This relationship with the class of destination, it is suggested, may explain why socioeconomic mortality differentials do not widen with increasing age.     

五卅运动期间英国对华政策的变化

1925年五卅运动爆发后,对于英国的对华政策,以往我们大多用"强硬"一词概而括之。的确,英国在事件爆发初期仍表现出旧有殖民者的强硬态度,但是也就是从五卅运动开始,英国对华政策基础开始发生动摇。通过对英国外交档案的研究分析,我们发现,英国此时意识到在修改条约问题上必须对中国做出真正的让步,因此在五卅运动中后期,英国对华强硬政策开始发生微妙松动。      

清末官办邮政与民信局的关系研究（1896-1911）

1896年大清邮政成立,官办邮政与民信局进入了直接竞争时期。官邮具有管理者和经营者的双重身份,它以国家强制力作后盾,制定出各种政策并采取各种措施排挤和打击民信局,表现在压缩其经营空间、业务空间、利润空间和查缉其私运邮件行为等方面,同时还积极向竞争对手学习,导致双方势力的转变,初步实现了在邮递事业上的垄断地位。官邮垄断地位的形成,是利用国家强制力实行行政垄断的结果。     

再论清代顺天乡试特色

清代直隶省成为全国科举大省,从其乡试看颇具特色:顺天乡试与全国的会试共用一贡院,甚至皇帝亲临视察;顺天乡试考生要远远超出了直隶举子的范围,如全国的国子监贡监生等;顺天府的考官资质也远远高于其它省。从顺天贡院、顺天考生、顺天考官三个因子即可管窥顺天乡试的特色。     

日本兴亚院蒙疆连络部与蒙古善邻协会西北研究所始末及其对西北少数民族的调查研究

本文主要以日文资料为依据 ,论述日本侵华期间日本兴亚院蒙疆连络部与蒙古善邻协会西北研究所始末及其对西北少数民族的调查研究     

The impact of VDU use and psychosocial factors at work on musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms among white-collar workers

This investigation of white-collar workers ( n = 201) in Swedish industrial environments focused on an empirical examination of the relationships between work with visual display units (VDUs), psychosocial factors (skill discretion, appraised work load, job satisfaction), physical work load and musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms. This cross-sectional study was based upon questionnaire surveys carried out at industrial companies. The prevalence of shoulder symptoms during the previous year was 39%. Nearly one-half of the participants reported that they used a VDU for at least 4 h/day ('high VDU use'). High VDU use was related to increased Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) for shoulder symptoms. After adjustment for physical work load, significant PORs were found in groups with high VDU use in combination with low job satisfaction (POR = 4.8) or high appraised work load (POR = 3.5), compared to groups with low VDU use in combination with high job satisfaction or low work load (reference groups).     

翁同和与近人教案及在华传教士的交往

重要的三点:“撇去三端,教士犯法即令回国;中官若不保护教民立时革职;设中西合办教案公署。”认为李氏在信中注重三点:一实禁谤教之书;一实准官民入教;一实讲信修睦①。在这封信中,翁同和首次提出成立中西合办教案公署,这在所有晚清官方档案资料中不曾见过,由此可见,翁同和对教案问题的重视。这个设想虽然很有意义,可是,从当时的实际情况来看,列强各国正在中国划分势力范围,掀起图谋瓜分中国的狂潮,外国传教士也正疯狂地加入这一侵略行动,中国正处在大规模反帝反洋教斗争风暴的前夜,单靠成立一个中西合办教案公署是根本不能解决教案问题的。…     

清末上海房客运动与罢市风潮

1910年末至1911年初的请减房租事务所及其影响下的减祖活动，是上海开埠以后第一次有相当影响的房客运动，其参加人员，以小户商民为主体。此次运动无任何政治要求，降低房租是其唯一目的，罢市风潮实属意外。这次运动在学术研究意义上，可视为一种变种的商人运动，但从运动目的及组织来考量，称其为房客运动更为妥当；它与“上海居，大不易”的社会现实密切相关。     

Choosing between alternative classification criteria to measure the labour force state

Summary.  Labour force counting relies on general guidelines that are set by the International Labour Office to classify individuals into three labour force states: employment, unemployment and inactivity. However, the resulting statistics are known to be sensitive to slight variations in operational definitions which are prima facie consistent with the general guidelines. We consider two interpretations of the general guidelines, operationalized by the criterion that is currently followed by Eurostat and a criterion that was followed by the Italian Statistical Office up to 1992. After showing that the labour force statistics resulting from the two criteria differ considerably, we compare individuals whose classification depends on the criterion that is adopted with individuals whose classification is common between criteria to study the boundary between unemployment and inactivity. An application of our strategy is presented using data from the Italian Labour Force Survey, painting a picture neatly against the criterion that is currently followed by Eurostat.