Demand‐Side Challenges to Poverty Monitoring and Assessment Systems: Illustrations from Tanzania

Over the past decade, considerable attention and resources have been directed at Poverty Monitoring and Assessment Systems (PMASs), a core problem being the limited demand for, and use of, the data they generate. This article discusses the sources of these demand‐side problems and explores the difficulties in trying to address them via PMAS‐related processes, arguing that both institutional factors and design features have contributed to the disappointing performance of these systems. Incentive structures within the public sector in particular have made for an extremely unfavourable environment, and institutional problems have been compounded by questionable design features resulting from faulty analysis, flawed assumptions and conflicting views as to the objectives of ‘poverty monitoring’. Tanzania's PMAS experience is used to illustrate the argument.     

TWO-PASS CUSUM TO IDENTIFY AGE-CLUSTER OUTBREAKS

The paper introduces a two-pass adaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) statistic to identify age clusters (age grouping) that significantly contribute to epidemics or unusually high counts. If epidemiologists know that an epidemic is confined to a narrow age group, then this information not only makes it clear where to target the epidemiological effort but also helps them decide whether to respond. It is much easier to control an epidemic that starts in a narrow age range of the population, such as pre-school children, than an epidemic that is not confined demographically or geographically.     

农村村级组织财务管理存在的问题与对策——对贵州省农村的实地调研分析

村级组织财务管理是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,是完善农村公共产品融资机制的制度基础。对贵州省7个地州市9个县31个行政村的实地调研结果显示,贵州农村村级组织财务管理存在的主要问题是:会计基础工作薄弱,财务管理制度不规范;会计人员选聘机制不合理,人员素质亟待提高;民主监督职能弱化,审计监督乏力;村级债务较为严重等。为了切实提高农村村级组织财务管理水平,必须扎实推进"村财乡代管"制度,改革村级财务人员选任模式,健全民主理财监督制度,加强村级财务审计监督,并努力化解村级债务问题。     

Parental choice and the rural primary school: Lifestyle,locality and loyalty

This paper discusses the geography of parental choice in a rural locale and shows how a group of parents negotiated their way through the process of primary school choice. Using ethnographic data collected through interviews and observations with parents and staff from three rural primary schools in England, the research utilises Bourdieu's concepts of capital, habitus and field to show how the resources and values the parents held affected the school choices they made. The paper demonstrates that the longer-term resident local parents were influenced not only by their cultural capital but also by familial ties and an emotional commitment to the rural locale and these parents were therefore more inclined to support their local school. In contrast, the more recent newcomer parents used their cultural capital and spatial power to shop around to find what they believed to be the ‘right’ school. The paper argues that the newcomer parents had less allegiance to place and hence to the symbolic position that the school holds within the rural community within which they lived.     

园区网络运行综合监测系统的设计与实现

针对园区网络日常运行中网管员要持续关注的机房环境、网络服务状况、链路畅通与性能状况,设计实现了一个综合监测报警系统,首次将机房环境与服务器、链路运行状态及性能监测融于一体,并能依据可自定义的报警策略实施有效的声光、邮件、短信方式报警,充分符合网络运行维护的实际需求.文中描述了整个系统的体系结构、利用面向对象技术实现的关键模块,总结了实际应用的效果.     

Using statistical techniques to detect fraud: a test case

In an experiment to test the effectiveness of statistical measures in detecting fraud, three physicians fabricated scores on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for a number of subjects in three sites. The fabricated data were then planted among MADRS data from 18 genuine sites. A statistician blinded as to the identity and quantity of the fabricated data attempted to detect the ‘fraudulent’ data by searching for unusual means and correlations. One of the three fabricated sites was correctly identified, and one genuine site was incorrectly identified as a potential fabrication. In addition, inlying and/or outlying means and correlations found in the genuine data suggested the possibility of using statistical checks for unusual data early in a study so that sites with unusual patterns could be prioritized for monitoring, training and, if necessary, auditing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

构建教学质量监控体系 实施全面教学质量管理

提高高等教育质量已成为世界高等教育界共同关注的主题,也是当前我国高等教育改革的重中之重。高校借鉴全面质量管理理论,实施全面教学质量管理,必须建立一套由监控目标系统、监控运行系统、信息管理系统、质量评估系统构成的教学质量监控体系。     

翻译批评简论

翻译批评是翻译体系中的重要环节,它可以在翻译理论的指导下评价监控翻译质量,也可把翻译实践中的问题反馈给翻译理论家,以进一步完善翻译理论,指导翻译实践,所以开展积极的翻译批评是保证翻译质量,繁荣翻译事业的有效措施。     

基于网络的高校教学信息监控系统的构建

现代化的教学信息监控是保证教学质量不断提高的重要途径。依据全面教学质量管理原理构建的基于网络的教学信息监控系统，具有广泛、及时、准确、高效等特点，可以实现教学信息监控的实时化、网络化和全面化。     

传感器在桥梁健康监测中的优化布设研究

介绍了传感器最优布设在桥梁健康监测中的应用研究，并提出一整套传感器优化布设方案，从而能够迅速有效地从具有多个自由度的复杂结构模型中，选择出关键的测点位置。