美国大众传媒的政治社会化及对我国构建社会主义和谐文化的启示

传媒时代的到来,大大更换了美国公民政治社会化的传统图景.一方面,传统的政治社会化载体家庭、学校以及政党等继续存在和发挥作用,另一方面,大众传媒越来越成为美国政治社会化的最重要承担者之一.概而言之,美国大众传媒起到丰富公众政治认知、提高公众的政治技能与政治参与积极性、传承美国政治文化以及维护美国政治稳定的作用.美国大众传媒的政治社会化具有很强的社会适应性与公信力、具有间接化、隐蔽化、艺术化、娱乐化的特点,可以为我国正确地发挥大众传媒在构建社会主义和谐文化中的作用提供某些借鉴.     

健全产权社会化背景下的独立董事制度

公司产权社会化已经成为社会进步与发展的客观要求和具体表现,而独立董事制度则是公司产权社会化的产物。产权社会化引发受益权社会化,独立董事应该作为社会化利益的代表,担负起维护社会多方面利益的责任。当前,独立董事制度在中国的运行现状不尽如人意,应进一步予以完善。     

农民工上向社会流动空间分析

对于整个中国社会而言,农民工阶层的上向社会流动是事关城乡协调发展实现共同富裕、优化社会结构、保持社会稳定、扩大内需拉动经济发展等宏观目标得以实现的重要因素之一。因而我国必须尽快解决农民工阶层"凝固化"倾向所带来的社会问题,令广大的农民工上向社会流动为全社会带来更大的价值。     

Family structure and child outcomes in the USA and Sweden

Previous research shows that living in a non-intact family is associated with educational disadvantages. This paper compares the relationships between childhood family structure, schooling, and earnings in Sweden and the USA. This comparison is interesting because both family structure and public policies differ significantly. We find a negative relationship between living in a non-intact family and child outcomes, and the estimates are remarkably similar in both countries. After using sibling-difference models, the correlation with family structure is no longer significant. These results cast doubt on the causal interpretation of the negative relationship between non-intact family structures and child outcomes.     

Emotion Regulation in Low-income Preschoolers

The present study was concerned with identifying the causes of low-income preschoolers' negative emotions and their most common regulation responses. The relations of family socialization practices and temperament to the children's emotion regulation skills were also examined. Ninety predominantly minority low-income preschoolers (46 boys) and their mothers participated. During visits to the children's preschools, observers watched for expressions of anger and sadness, and recorded the causes of the displays and the children's reactions. Mothers reported on their emotion socialization and discipline practices and their children's temperament. Although the children expressed more anger than sadness, they used more constructive reactions in response to sadness and more non-constructive reactions in response to anger. Maternal reports of appropriate family emotion were associated with low levels of non-constructive regulation responses to anger and sadness whereas reports of inconsistent parental discipline were generally associated with non-constructive regulation responses. All in all, the findings of this study are in accord with findings on middle-income children and indicate that low- and middle-income children are more alike than different with regard to the regulation of negative emotion in the peer environment.     

Caregiver Emotional Expressiveness,Child Emotion Regulation,and Child Behavior Problems among Head Start Families

The present study examined the relationships between caregivers' self‐reported positive and negative emotional expressiveness, observer assessments of children's emotion regulation, and teachers' reports of children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 97 primarily African American and Hispanic Head Start families. Results indicated that higher caregiver negativity and lower child emotion regulation independently predicted more internalizing behavior problems in children. Additionally, children's externalizing behavior problems were negatively predicted by caregivers' self‐reports of positive emotional expressiveness. Importantly, results also suggested that caregivers' emotional expressiveness and children's behavioral problems may be non‐linearly related, and that child gender may play an important moderating role. These results emphasize the importance of family emotional climate and child emotion regulation in the behavioral development of preschool‐age children, and highlight the need for improved theoretical and practical understanding of socioemotional development in diverse populations.     

论科举制度的社会化效应

中国教育史上的一个重大转变缘于"科举制度"的兴起.科举制度实质上是以"考选"代替"选举"的选官制度变革.这种变革不仅突显出人才选拔在传统中国政治上的重要性,更重要的是营造了一个"考试社会",并在民间塑造了"读书做官"的观念基础,教育的价值与功能由此从"学做圣贤"转变为"学而做官".科举制度成了影响传统中国人一个最重要的社会化变量,因科举制而累积的心理现象、文化现象、教育现象与社会化效应,也是导致近代以来东西方在知识、思想与信仰等方面产生差异的一个基本原因.     

后勤社会化改革实践与研究——电子科技大学后勤社会化改革实际探析

高校后勤社会化改革已经十年有余,改革成果有目共睹,不但在为学校教学、科研和师生服务方面提供了有力的保障,而且还在推动学校办学条件、育人环境和教职工生活条件的改善,促进学校发展方面做出了积极的贡献.＂让师生享受后勤改革成果＂不仅已经成为高校后勤改革的结果,而且已然成为后勤改革发展的方向.改革是后勤发展的必然之路,创新是后勤改革的灵魂,高校后勤社会化改革不仅是学校后勤单位名称和形式上的变化,更重要的是体制和机制上的创新;不仅仅局限于变革原有后勤单位的管理模式,而且还要发展和完善学校后勤保障体系;不仅满足于解决学校历史遗留问题,而且还要致力于服务于社会,实现学校资源和社会资源的共享共赢.实事求是,因校制宜,能够实现政府、社会、学校共赢的高校后勤社会化改革才是高校后勤发展的永恒动力和不竭源泉.     

大学生网络情感社会化过度现象分析及对策研究

对大学生网络情感社会化及大学生网络情感社会化的过度进行了内涵界定,从情感社会学的理论视角出发,对现实生活中的大学生网络情感社会化过度现象进行了理论解析,并探讨提出文化阵地、法律制度、意识形态、个性情感、思想观念等五方面的对策建议。     

Maternal Autonomy- and Connectedness-oriented Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Children's Social Behaviors in China

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of maternal encouragement of autonomy and maternal encouragement of connectedness to the prediction of children's social behaviors. A sample of children (N  =  94), initially aged two years, and their mothers in China participated in the two-year longitudinal study. Child autonomy and connectedness and maternal goal-oriented behaviors were assessed at two years of age through the observation of mother–child interactions. Data on children's social participation, prosocial behavior, aggression, and organization/leadership in peer interactions were collected in a follow-up study when the children were four years of age. It was found that maternal encouragement of connectedness significantly predicted children's sociability and organization/leadership behavior, especially for children who were relatively high on autonomy. The results indicated the developmental significance of socialization goal-oriented behaviors in cultural context.