欠发达地区农村养老模式探析——衢州市枫村花村养老的经验研究

家庭养老在欠发达地区的农村已经弱化,主要原因是社会变迁、社会流动、社会竞争和家庭结构的变化;社区养老的覆盖面太窄,发挥作用小;社会化养老还存在着接受的问题。该地区农村养老面临严峻的挑战。     

意识形态与政治社会化

任何一种社会政治体系都有它的意识形态。意识形态具有鲜明的两重性特点和显著的积极与消极功能。意识形态功能的发挥过程实际上是人们接受意识形态的宣传、灌输并与之认同的过程 ,即意识形态的政治社会化过程。这个过程包括两个方面 :(1)被意识形态化的政治人的塑造和人与人之间的社会关系和政治关系的再生产过程 ,即社会和政治制度的延续过程 ;(2 )霸权理论的形成及其整合社会的过程 ,尤其是不同意识形态之间的对立、冲突和斗争的过程。社会主义国家要想在与资本主义意识形态的斗争中立于不败之地 ,就必须发展和完善社会主义的意识形态理论 ,发展哲学社会科学 ,加强对社会意识形态的传播和政治社会化     

家务劳动社会化的社会动力分析

我国近30年的社会转型带来的变化之一,就是原本属于私人领域的家务劳动有逐渐脱离家庭,越来越社会化的趋势。检索相关文献发现,对其研究大多停留在经济学意义上的产品价值和社会价值、法律意义上的补偿机制和女性家务劳动的法律保障层面上。而从社会学角度研究的也大多停留在家务劳动在家庭成员间的时间分配以及分配模式上。最有创意的当属中山大学社会学教授王宁,他从消费劳动和家务劳动社会化的基本特征上进行阐释,但对家务劳动的社会动力仍缺乏系统分析,本文试图弥补这一研究角度的不足。     

生产社会化、产权社会化及二者的并行演进

生产社会化是指生产改变了私人性而具有了“社会性”。产权社会化一是指在静态上,产权改变原有的专有性、不可分性、集中性、封闭性、凝滞性,具有了可分性、分散性、开放性、流动性等特征,可以由更多社会成员拥有或行使;二是从动态上讲,指产权的私人性向社会性转变的趋势和过程。生产社会化决定产权社会化,产权社会化反作用于生产社会化,二者之间实质上是生产力与生产关系的关系,是辩证的统一。二者相互联系、相互制约、并行演进。     

Influence of Gender on Parental Socialization of Children's Sadness Regulation

Mothers' (N = 60) and fathers' (N = 53) perceptions of and desire for change in their 6‐ to 11‐year‐old daughters' (N = 59) and sons' (N = 54) sadness regulation behaviors (i.e., inhibition, dysregulation, coping) were examined in addition to parental responses to children's hypothetical sadness displays. Results of multivariate analyses of variance and regression analyses suggest that parental perceptions of and desired change in children's sadness behavior differ as a function of parent gender, child gender and child age (younger (grades 1, 2), older (grades 4, 5)), and predict the likelihood of contingent responses to children's sadness behavior. Overall, fathers reported being likely to respond to sadness with minimization whereas mothers reported being likely to respond with expressive encouragement and problem‐focused strategies. These parent‐reported socialization response tendencies, however, were more fully explained by the interaction between perceptions of children's sadness regulation behaviors and satisfaction with these behaviors. These findings highlight the need to include parent gender and parental cognitions as important variables in emotion socialization research.     

论道德的社会化与道德的现代化

道德社会化与道德现代化不仅在内容、结果、实质、动因和条件等方面有其自身的特征 ,而且在现时代个体的具体道德实践中二者又是有机统一的。对道德社会化与道德现代化辩证关系的揭示有利于我们正确理解社会转型期的道德发展理论 ,把握现实的道德实践方向。     

浅析高校思想政治教育社会化趋势

高校思想政治教育社会化趋势是由高校社会化趋势和大学生最终社会化的现实要求、高校思想政治教育的现实以及素质教育的要求决定的。它有利于丰富思想政治教育的内容和形式 ,改变被动局面 ,真正实现教育的目标。因此必须认识到它的长期性和紧迫性 ,充分发挥高校在其中的主导作用     

Parental income and the fruits of labor: Variability in homework efficacy in secondary school

Research in the sociology of education has shown that noncognitive traits are important predictors of educational outcomes and a mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of status. However, previous research on this topic typically posits that there is a constant effect of these traits with variable prevalences of these traits by socioeconomic status. Using time spent on homework as an example, I analyze income-based heterogeneity in homework efficacy, defined as the individual effect of study time on academic achievement, using a national U.S. probability sample of secondary students. Higher income students gain more knowledge from their homework time than their counterparts in all grades and all subjects except history, with greater group differences for math than for science and reading. These results are confirmed by models accounting for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity in the 8th–10th, but not 10th–12th, grade windows. These results imply that increases in the amount of homework assigned may increase the socioeconomic achievement gap in math, science, and reading in secondary school.     

Adolescent emotion regulation trajectories: The influence of parent and friend emotion socialization

With mounting evidence demonstrating the link between child emotion regulation (ER) and emotion socialization, we conducted a longitudinal study to understand (a) emotion-specific trajectories of adolescent ER and (b) how specific parent and friend emotion socialization strategies impact ER over 4 years. Participants were 209 adolescents (52.5% girls; M_age = 12.66 years; 75.7% White) and their parents. Latent growth curve models identified unique trajectories for anger and sadness/worry regulation. Anger regulation increased across time, whereas sadness/worry regulation remained highly stable longitudinally, lacking variance for growth modeling. Friend emotion socialization emerged as a more salient predictor of anger regulation than parent emotion socialization. Friend reward, override, and punish responses predicted initial levels. Friend punish and parent magnify responses predicted the slope.     

Maternal responses to negative emotions and child externalizing behavior: Different relations for 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐year‐olds

Emotional and behavioral maturity expectations increase as children transition to primary school; thus, maternal responses that support and encourage children's expression of negative emotion may not benefit school‐age children as much as preschoolers. The current study explored a change in the utility of these maternal responses among 187 families (62 5‐year‐olds, 75 6‐year‐olds, and 50 7‐year‐olds). Mothers reported on their responses to children's negative emotions and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors at two time points over 1 year. Multiple group analysis within cross‐lagged path models revealed a positive association between non‐supportive maternal responses and later child externalizing behaviors among 5‐year‐olds. However, non‐supportive responses were related to decreases in externalizing behaviors among the 7‐year‐olds. Discrepant findings between the 5‐ and 7‐year‐olds may represent a developmental shift in the function of mothers' emotion socialization practices.