A Dynamic Model of Work Satisfaction: Qualitative Approaches

Traditional work satisfaction research iscriticized for its personalistic approach inconceptualization and measurement. Its results aredoubted because of the artificially high proportions ofsatisfied. In order to overcome some of theseshortcomings, the extended model of different forms ofwork satisfaction originally proposed by Bruggemann(1974) is validated. Six forms of work satisfaction(progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction;constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction) arederived from the constellation of four constituentvariables: comparison of the actual work situation andpersonal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes inlevel of aspiration, controllability at work. Resultsfrom semistructured interviews, a free Q-sort, and aquestionnaire for differentiating forms of worksatisfaction for 46 nurses provide support for the model.Various methods proved useful in accessing particularaspects of the underlying cognitive and evaluativeprocesses in the formation of different forms of work satisfaction. Implications for personnelmanagement and studies in organizational behavior(performance, intervention strategies) arediscussed.     

Discourses of Decision Making in Child Protection: Condusting Comprehensive Assessments in Britain

Findings from a qualitative study of comprehensive assessments in child protection social work in the UK are discussed. The accounts of social workers in formal interviews, informal interactions and case files are analysed, examining their explanations and understandings of the process of decision making. Two discourses of decision making are discerned: scientific observation and reflective evaluation. Whilst most social workers understand their work, at different times, through both discourses, it is argued that the discourse of scientific observation becomes the dominant one when communicating with other agencies such as the court. The findings are discussed in relation to wider issues in contemporary social work including the bureaucratisation of social work and the nature of assessment.     

Social Exclusion, Inequality and Social Work

This paper sets out the environment of inequality in which social work and the poor have recently operated. It explores pragmatic and idealist arguments concerning whether or not the poor need social work. Finally, policy solutions developed in consultation with social service users and carers are suggested in relation to poverty and social exclusion. Social exclusion can be linked to relative poverty as exclusion from economic and social norms. However, there is a wider brief in our own government’s publications and those of Europe, of examining how people are excluded from actions and policies of agencies who are there to support them. This paper will retain the concepts of poverty as lack of material income, and inequality as the gap between the rich and the poor, while being aware of the policy implications for social service users and carers of the more comprehensive process of being shut out partially or fully from social, economic, political and cultural systems. The debates around social work, social exclusion and inequality that follow establish: that some of the poor do need social work; that the poverty of social service users is related to policies that have restructured welfare in Britain; that the reason for individuals approaching or being referred to social services are complex but are likely to include financial deprivation as a key contributory factor; that if the poor do need social work, advocacy is essential rather than social work being seen as concerned only with social control—taking children into care, mentally ill people into hospitals, and advising the DSS on the suitability of claimants for benefits. Finally, the discussion turns to new policy agendas on social exclusion instigated by the Labour government. What positive difference can such policies make for social service users, their carers and social workers?.     

Work Opportunities in a Non-Traditional Setting for Women Exiting Welfare: A Case Study

The purpose of this research is to explore key issues regarding the need to provide jobs for women who are making the transition from welfare to wage work. A traditionally male-dominated industry, the secondary wood products industry, in a ten-parish rural region in northern Louisiana is used as a case study. One goal of the project is to explore barriers to expanding job opportunities for women in this industry, which is located in an economically disadvantaged region of the state. In-depth personal interviews were conducted with employers and business owners in this industry, and focus group discussions were conducted among employees at selected sites. Potential barriers to employing women in this industry are discussed, and recommendations for reducing barriers are made.     

美国青年组织审视

以美国的Youth Outreach Services为案例,深入剖析、审视美国青少年组织,以期获得一些有益的启示,推进共青团组织更好地开展工作,服务青少年健康成长。     

宋学精神与汉学工夫——钱穆与张舜徽清代学术史研究之比较

清代学术史是钱穆、张舜徽先生一块可见彼此异彩纷呈的重要研究领域。钱穆注重清儒宋学精神,张舜徽则欣赏清儒汉学工夫。在对顾炎武、黄宗羲的学术思想进行研究及其评价时,钱、张二人所表现出来的明显差异,其实正是两人各自治学旨趣的一种透露。     

The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes: Causal effects of paternity leave

Do family policies influence attitudes and behavior or are they merely reflections of pre-existing attitudes? We consider the implementation of the Norwegian daddy quota, 4 weeks of parental leave reserved for the father, as a natural experiment, and examine the long-run causal effects on attitudes toward gender equality, on conflicts and sharing of household labor, and on support for public childcare. We find that respondents who had their last born child just after the reform report an 11% lower level of conflicts over household division of labor and that they are 50% more likely to equally divide the task of washing clothes than respondents who had their last child just before the reform.     

从党的群众基础的变化看群众工作的着力点

党的十七届五中全会再次强调坚持党的群众路线,加强和改进群众工作,彰显了新形势下做好群众工作的极端重要性。伴随着改革开放和经济社会的深刻变革,党的群众基础发生了深刻的变化,对党的群众工作带来了前所未有的挑战。研究探讨党的群众基础的新特点、新变化和对群众工作的新要求以及面临的新挑战,探索适应新形势要求的做好群众工作的新途径、新方法和新机制,党的群众工作才能有的放矢,更具针对性和实效性。     

思想政治工作与建设社会主义核心价值体系的基本规律研究

改革开放以来,中国共产党不断创新思想政治工作,坚持走思想政治工作科学化的发展道路,从广度和深度上大大推进了社会主义核心价值体系建设,体现了思想政治工作科学化与建设社会主义核心价值体系规律性的统一,主要体现在：思想政治工作的逻辑结构与核心价值体系建设理路的统一,思想政治工作工具理性和价值理性的统一,思想政治教育与社会主义核心价值体系建设制度管理的统一,以及解构与构建的统一。加强对创新思想政治工作与建设社会主义核心价值体系的规律性研究,是推进党的思想政治工作科学化的重要认识前提。     

论法官在民商事案件证明责任分配中的自由裁量权

充分、有效地与当事人沟通,坚持公平、公正的原则,从而正确运用法官自由裁量权对证明责任进行分配,有利于查清案件事实,促进司法公正。结合审判实际讨论了法官在不同情况下如何坚持一定的原则,根据不同情形,正确运用自由裁量权进行证明责任分配等问题,如在没有法律、法规、及司法解释具体规定的情形下,法官在运用自由裁量权进行证明责任分配时应遵守诚实信用、程序公开透明、公平公正、经验惯例、综合平衡等原则。在双方地位不平等,可能导致显示公平的情形下,法官需要结合具体案情,根据相关原则进行具体证明责任分配。