A goodness of fit test for the multilevel proportional odds model

It is essential to test the goodness of fit of the model before making inferences based on it. Multilevel modeling of ordinal categorical responses is not as developed as for continuous responses. Assessing model adequacy in terms of the goodness of fit with ordinal categorical responses is still being developed and no satisfactory tests are available so far. As a consequence of that, this study concentrates on developing such a goodness of fit test for Multilevel Proportional Odds models and to study the properties of the test.     

三江源搬迁牧民的后续生计和就业类型--基于格尔木昆仑民族文化村的调查

自2004年开始的青海三江源地区的生态移民受到国内外关注，而其后续生计或后续产业发展问题尤其得到学术界和政府部门的持续关注和研究。笔者以位于格尔木市南郊的昆仑民族文化村为例，详细分析搬迁牧民的就业类型变化与迁出地即老家的经济联系，牧民收入和支出结构及特征。本文作者及其研究团队先后对昆仑民族文化村进行过4次调查，我们主要根据课题组2007年9月对该村86户牧民家庭的抽样调查和2008年该村168户家庭331人的劳务输出的统计分析，2012年7月对该村就业情况的补充调查资料，主要采用定量研究配合定性分析，探讨三江源生态移民搬迁牧民的就业类型和家庭收入差距。     

Testing equality of variances for several normal populations

In this study, we develop a test based on computational approach for the equality of variances of several normal populations. The proposed method is numerically compared with the existing methods. The numeric results demonstrate that the proposed method performs very well in terms of type I error rate and power of test. Furthermore we study the robustness of the tests by using simulation study when the underlying data are from t, exponential and uniform distributions. Finally we analyze a real dataset that motivated our study using the proposed test.     

马克思个性理论视域内的高等教育发展

马克思个性理论确立了现实的具体人的个性发展维度,揭示了人的个性完善的深层次规律,提供了研究个性问题的科学方法。它作为当前高等教育进一步发展的时代诉求,指出了高等教育的进一步发展的现实需求,揭示了高等教育的发展的规律,为高等教育的改革与发展提供了新的思维方式与科学方法。     

Exact sample size determination in a weibull test plan when there is time censoring

Engineers who conduct reliability tests need to choose the sample size when designing a test plan. The model parameters and quantiles are the typical quantities of interest. The large-sample procedure relies on the property that the distribution of the t -like quantities is close to the standard normal in large samples. In this paper, we use a new procedure based on both simulation and asymptotic theory to determine the sample size for a test plan. Unlike the complete data case, the t -like quantities are not pivotal quantities in general when data are time censored. However we show that the distribution of the t -like quantities only depend on the expected proportion failing and obtain the distributions by simulation for both complete and time censoring case when data follow Weibull distribution. We find that the large-sample procedure usually underestimates the sample size even when it is said to be 200 or more. The sample size given by the proposed procedure insures the requested nominal accuracy and confidence of the estimation when the test plan results in complete or time censored data. Some useful figures displaying the required sample size for the new procedure are also presented.     

All pairwise comparisons of exponential location parameters under type i censoring — equal scale parameter case

In this paper, procedures for all pairwise comparisons of location parameters of negative exponential populations are developed when the common scale parameter is known or unknown using large sample distributional approximations of the relevant random variables. The small sample performance of these procedures are then examined using Monte Carlo simulation.     

Personality traits and strategic behavior: Anxiousness and aggressiveness in entry games

We demonstrate that personality has a systematic effect on strategic behavior. We focus on two personality traits: anxiousness and aggressiveness, and consider a 2-player entry game, where each player can guarantee a payoff by staying out, a higher payoff if she is the only player to enter, but a lower payoff if both players enter. We find that: anxious players enter less; aggressive players enter more; players are more likely to enter against anxious than non-anxious players; and players are less likely to enter against aggressive than non-aggressive players. We discuss the possible mechanism through which personality affects strategic behavior.     

先秦道家的理想人格探析

每一时代都有自己的理想人格，它体现一个时代的人生追求和价值取向，体现着做人的方向和人格的标准。在古代士人的人格建构中，道家思想是不可或缺的一环。道家认定天道自然无为，把人从传统的天命论中解放出来，主张强调人性的自然性和真实性，把人的本质归于自然、素朴、无为和虚静。因此道家主张的是自然主义的理想人格。本文通过对先秦道家理想人格的建立依据及其实现路径的探讨，可以看出，先秦道家通过对理想人格的塑造，为社会制定了许多道德和政治规范，强化了人的道德良心，启发人的理性，把外在的道德规范变成人的内在心理要求，从而达到整合社会的目的。     

A goodness of fit test for multilevel survival data

No satisfactory goodness of fit test is available for multilevel survival data which occur when survival data are clustered or hierarchical in nature. Hence the aim of this research is to develop a new goodness of fit test for multilevel survival data and to examine the properties of the newly developed test. Simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the type ? error and the power. The results showed that the type I error holds for every combination tested and that the test is powerful against the alternative hypothesis of nonproportional hazards for all combinations tested.     

Pitman closeness,monotonicity and consistency of best linear unbiased and invariant estimators for exponential distribution under Type II censoring

Comparisons of best linear unbiased estimators with some other prominent estimators have been carried out over the last 50 years since the ground breaking work of Lloyd [E.H. Lloyd, Least squares estimation of location and scale parameters using order statistics, Biometrika 39 (1952), pp. 88–95]. These comparisons have been made under many different criteria across different parametric families of distributions. A noteworthy one is by Nagaraja [H.N. Nagaraja, Comparison of estimators and predictors from two-parameter exponential distribution, Sankhyā Ser. B 48 (1986), pp. 10–18], who made a comparison of best linear unbiased (BLUE) and best linear invariant (BLIE) estimators in the case of exponential distribution. In this paper, continuing along the same lines by assuming a Type II right censored sample from a scaled-exponential distribution, we first compare BLUE and BLIE of the exponential mean parameter in terms of Pitman closeness (nearness) criterion. We show that the BLUE is always Pitman closer than the BLIE. Next, we introduce the notions of Pitman monotonicity and Pitman consistency, and then establish that both BLUE and BLIE possess these two properties.