品牌个性维度的本土化研究

品牌个性维度一直是营销理论研究和营销实践领域中的一个热点课题。Jenniffer Aaker于1997年首次系统地发展了基于美国的品牌个性维度及量表,日本和西班牙的品牌个性维度及量表也相继诞生。然而,中国的本土化品牌个性维度及量表却仍然是一个空白。本文首先采用了西方的词汇法、因子分析和特质论作为方法论基础,以来自中文语言、中国的品牌为内容,经中国消费者的实证研究发展出中国的品牌个性维度及量表,并从中国传统文化角度阐释了中国的品牌个性维度——“仁、智、勇、乐、雅”。然后本文对中国的品牌个性维度与美国、日本的品牌个性维度进行了跨文化比较研究。     

Prediction of Times to Failure of Censored Items for a Simple Step-Stress Model with Regular and Progressive Type I Censoring from the Exponential Distribution

The problem of predicting times to failure of units from the Exponential Distribution which are censored under a simple step-stress model is considered in this article. We discuss two types of censoring—regular and progressive Type I—and two kinds of predictors—the maximum likelihood predictors (MLP) and the conditional median predictors (CMP) for each type of censoring. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the prediction methods. Using simulation studies, mean squared prediction error (MSPE) and prediction intervals are generated for these examples. MLP and the CMP are then compared with respect to MSPE and the prediction interval.     

全球化背景下的大学生健全人格建构浅论

全球化对中国当代大学生健全人格的建构提出了更高的要求。当代大学生理想健康的人格结构是多方面的,主要表现为理想远大,信念坚定;具有活跃、合群、乐观的外向性品格;具有诚信、顾及他人、重情友好的善良性;具有严谨、自制、沉稳的行事风格等。大学生是高校的主体,高校要为大学生的人格建构提供高质量的服务,这一理念应该得到加强并付诸行动。     

Correlation estimation in Downton's bivariate exponential distribution using incomplete samples

Suppose (X, Y) has a Downton's bivariate exponential distribution with correlation ρ. For a random sample of size n from (X, Y), let X _r:n be the rth X-order statistic and Y _[r:n] be its concomitant. We investigate estimators of ρ when all the parameters are unknown and the available data is an incomplete bivariate sample made up of (i) all the Y-values and the ranks of associated X-values, i.e. (i, Y _[i:n]), 1≤i≤n, and (ii) a Type II right-censored bivariate sample consisting of (X _i:n , Y _[i:n]), 1≤i≤r<n. In both setups, we use simulation to examine the bias and mean square errors of several estimators of ρ and obtain their estimated relative efficiencies. The preferred estimator under (i) is a function of the sample correlation of (Y _i:n , Y _[i:n]) values, and under (ii), a method of moments estimator involving the regression function is preferred.     

时下中国平民化人格的哲学解析

在后工业化时代,尤其是网络盛行的时代,人们的主体意识空前增强。追求独立的人格已经成为人们的主流意识。这种从传统精英型社会向平民化社会的转变现象,从本质上来讲是一种哲学观念的转变。可以这样讲,传统的精英哲学造就了以精英为主导的社会分工模式,平民化哲学造就了现代民本社会。这一切的转变都是每一个社会个体自我人格的强调,这些独立的个体最终汇聚成一个平民化的社会意识,这便是一种有别于传统意识的哲学解析。     

On the comparison of the Fisher information of the log-normal and generalized Rayleigh distributions

Surles and Padgett recently considered two-parameter Burr Type X distribution by introducing a scale parameter and called it the generalized Rayleigh distribution. It is observed that the generalized Rayleigh and log-normal distributions have many common properties and both distributions can be used quite effectively to analyze skewed data set. In this paper, we mainly compare the Fisher information matrices of the two distributions for complete and censored observations. Although, both distributions may provide similar data fit and are quite similar in nature in many aspects, the corresponding Fisher information matrices can be quite different. We compute the total information measures of the two distributions for different parameter ranges and also compare the loss of information due to censoring. Real data analysis has been performed for illustrative purposes.     

Quo Vadis? Suggestions for future corporate governance research

In this paper I first review the basic tenets of agency theory and theory of managerial capitalism as well as some of the major research in these areas then suggest for areas for future research that go beyond the extant empirical work. First, I suggest that it would be useful to reconsider the basic nature of the agency relationship, taking into account that while equity holders can be considered the principal, the board of directors may be more realistically in need of agent-like controls. Second, the complementary or supplementary nature of the monitoring/incentive alignment relationship has been shown theoretically but the empirical evidence is equivocal and needs future investigation. Third, there has been very limited research on the construct validity of archival measures of the sort used in agency theory. This requires the use of methodologies outside those of the more conventional type used in agency theory (i.e., from economics and finance). Finally, agency theory development would profit greatly by more extensive use of research methods such as laboratory studies and survey methodology and the integration of concepts such as personality and control processes.

Robust estimation and testing in one-way ANOVA for Type II censored samples: skew normal error terms

Censoring can be occurred in many statistical analyses in the framework of experimental design. In this study, we estimate the model parameters in one-way ANOVA under Type II censoring. We assume that the distribution of the error terms is Azzalini's skew normal. We use Tiku's modified maximum likelihood (MML) methodology which is a modified version of the well-known maximum likelihood (ML) in the estimation procedure. Unlike ML methodology, MML methodology is non-iterative and gives explicit estimators of the model parameters. We also propose new test statistics based on the proposed estimators. The performances of the proposed estimators and the test statistics based on them are compared with the corresponding normal theory results via Monte Carlo simulation study. A real life data is analysed to show the implementation of the methodology presented in this paper at the end of the study.     

Sample size determination for testing equality in frequency data under an incomplete block crossover design

When there are more than two treatments under comparison, we may consider the use of the incomplete block crossover design (IBCD) to save the number of patients needed for a parallel groups design and reduce the duration of a crossover trial. We develop an asymptotic procedure for simultaneously testing equality of two treatments versus a control treatment (or placebo) in frequency data under the IBCD with two periods. We derive a sample size calculation procedure for the desired power of detecting the given treatment effects at a nominal-level and suggest a simple ad hoc adjustment procedure to improve the accuracy of the sample size determination when the resulting minimum required number of patients is not large. We employ Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed test, the accuracy of the sample size calculation procedure, and that with the simple ad hoc adjustment suggested here. We use the data taken as a part of a crossover trial comparing the number of exacerbations between using salbutamol or salmeterol and a placebo in asthma patients to illustrate the sample size calculation procedure.     

Pathways to happiness: From personality to social networks and perceived support

The present study attempts to incorporate individual personality into a social network account of subjective wellbeing (SWB) by proposing and testing a path model in which social relationships (egocentric social networks and perceived social support, PSS) mediate the relationship between personality and SWB. We found that network characteristics (including network size, emotional closeness, and proportion of new contacts) are related to SWB largely via the mediation of PSS. Additionally, network size and proportion of new contacts function as important mediating mechanisms linking extraversion, agreeableness and openness to PSS and SWB.