企业家社会角色经典研究的比较

熊彼特和德鲁克两位大师的企业家研究 ,都是企业家社会角色的研究。他们的认识虽有所不同 ,但其企业家精神及其主要思想全然一致。他们明确指出企业家的基本行为和职责是创新 ;企业家具有促进经济发展的重要作用 ,对其它社会领域的变易起先导作用。他们的思想对澄清国内在“企业家”含义上的模糊认识 ,对创设企业家涌现的社会环境会有重要意义     

Unified treatment of Cramér-Rao bound for the nonregular density functions

This paper extends the idea of Vincze (1978) and unifies the approach for the uniparameter and multiparameter situations for obtaining the Cramér-Rao inequality.     

Testing optimality of experimental designs for a regression model with random variables

Tsukanov (Theor. Probab. Appl. 26 (1981) 173–177) considers the regression model $\text{E(}\text{y}\text{|}\text{Z}\text{)=}\text{Fp}\text{+}\text{Zq}$, $\text{D(}\text{y}\text{|}\text{Z}\text{)=σ}{}^2\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{n}}$, where $\text{y}\text{(n×1)}$ is a vector of measured values,$\text{F}\text{(n×k)}$ contains the control variables, $\text{Z}\text{(n×l)}$ contains the observed values, and $\text{p}\text{(k×1)}$ and $\text{q}\text{(l×1)}$ are being estimated. Assuming that $\text{Z}\text{=}\text{FL}\text{+}\text{R}$, where $\text{L}\text{(k×l)}$ is non-random, and the rows of $\text{R}\text{(n×l)}$ are i.i.d. $\text{N(}\text{0}\text{,Σ)}$, we extend Tsukanov's results by (i) computing E(detH_p), where H_p is the covariance matrix of p?, the l.s.e. of p, (ii) considering ‘optimality in the mean’ for the largest root criterion, (iii) discussing these equations when the matrix R has a left-spherical distribution.     

H3^＋团簇通过碳膜的负离子产额测量及尾流效应的研究

报道了1.2、1.5和1.8MeV的入射H3^ 团簇通过不同厚度的碳膜后产生的负离子H^-产额测量结果，讨论了尾流效应的影响。     

Use of the experimentwise error rate in simultaneous tests of main effects in two-way disproportionate ANOVA without interaction

It is argued that the probability of committing at least one type I error should be reported when testing the main effects simultaneously in a two-way disproportionate ANOVA without interaction. The circumstances where the two F-statistics depart appreciably from statistical independence are characterized, and it is pointed out that procedures now exist for evaluating the bivariate F-probabilities when required. The augmented analysis is illustrated with a numerical example and an extension is offered for assymmetric BIBD's with random block effects.     

A contingent approach to strategy and tactics in formative and summative evaluations

A contingent approach to strategic and tactical choices in formative and summative evaluations is presented. Choices regarding evaluation phases and tactics were found to be dependent on evaluation goals (e.g., whether the evaluation has a formative or summative purpose) and contextual variables. A simulation was designed to pool the judgments of evaluators and users of evaluations to see how they felt evaluation strategy and tactics should change as the situation changes so as to increase the likelihood of evaluation success. Eight panels were constructed to examine eight different situations. The next step in this research is to determine whether following the pooled judgments does lead to greater evaluation success.     

A model of price and quantity adjustments in primary commodity markets

This paper presents a dynamic, simultaneous model of price and quantity adjustments in world primary commodity markets. The model is formulated in a disequilibrium framework, emphasizing particularly the role of price adjustment. In addition to the price equation, commodity consumption and production equations are also specified. The empirical analysis of the model is carried out with the annual data of six primary commodities: coffee, cocoa, rubber, copper, tin, and sugar. This includes the estimation of price, consumption, production equations, the simulation tests of complete structural models for these six commodities, and the derivation of dynamic responses (measured by elasticities) of commodity prices to changes in world income, world inflation, and commodity outputs. Dynamic simulations strongly confirm the commonly observed self-generating and recurring boom-and-bust cycles of primary commodity prices. This finding lends credibility to the models constructed.     

Social security,social welfare and the aging population

This study examines the effects of pay-as-you-go social security programs in aging economies when the middle-aged both educate their dependent children and subsidize the retirement of the old. Using an overlapping generations framework in which agents are three-period lived but timing of death in the third period is uncertain, we analyze the effects of social security tax schemes, under various demographic assumptions, on capital accumulation, education expenditures, social welfare, and economic growth. We find that in many cases social security crowds out education, and reduces economic growth and social welfare. Received: 29 April 1998/Accepted: 3 March 1999     

股票收益分散度的不对称性研究——基于A+H股的实证检验

以A+H股为样本,以横截面收益离差绝对值作为收益分散度的代理指标,对A股市场和H股市场的对比研究发现:在A股市场存在收益分散度的不对称性,即在上涨市场中股票收益的分散度低于下跌市场。按A股市值大小分组后发现:收益分散度的不对称现象在小市值股票中更加严重。A股市场中主力投资者和散户投资者在趋势交易过程中的博弈行为可能是导致这一现象的原因。     

论D·H·劳伦斯的诗歌创作

英国作家D·H·劳伦斯的诗歌是其记录自身生命体验、传达个人情感的重要途径与载体。劳伦斯善于将质朴的语言化为膨胀着生命活力与激情的独特诗篇,展现了其为实现自我的完整性所经历的心灵历程以及对性爱、自然、死亡与再生的体悟与哲理思考。