A simple test on the convergence of social security transfer in OECD countries

The growing trend toward globalization not only has aggravated international competition but also has increased interdependence among countries, inducing the need for harmonization and convergence of socioeconomic policies across countries. This paper examines whether the convergence phenomenon holds for social security transfers as a percentage of GDP in OECD countries, applying the traditional methodology of σ- and β-convergence.     

论纽曼大学思想的宗教根源

在纽曼大学思想形成过程中,存在牛津运动、宗教观念和反自由主义三个具有重要影响的宗教因素.这三个因素成为纽曼大学思想的宗教根源,帮助塑造了他对大学目的、性质和范围以及知识观、自由教育观、理性观的论述,并铸就了纽曼大学思想的古典保守特性.这种强调信仰、道德等精神性事物的宗教根源使得纽曼的大学思想具有更为广阔的哲学视野和更为重要的现代性批判价值.     

纽马克翻译理论浅析

当今的翻译界充斥着琳琅满目的所谓的翻译标准,其中不乏出自名家之作和权威的翻译标准。在翻译实践中,我们应当选用何种标准来指导翻译,以及如何使用翻译标准来评判一个翻译译作的价值？本文重点论述和评价了彼得·纽马克的翻译理论观点,并透过其翻译理论向读者阐释了翻译标准的相对性和多重性。该理论对于翻译实践具有一定的启示意义。     

Asymptotic expansions of the null distributions of some test statistics for profile analysis in general distributions

This paper discusses asymptotic expansions for the null distributions of some test statistics for profile analysis under non-normality. It is known that the null distributions of these statistics converge to chi-square distribution under normality [Siotani, M., 1956. On the distributions of the Hotelling's T²$T^2$-statistics. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. Tokyo 8, 1–14; Siotani, M., 1971. An asymptotic expansion of the non-null distributions of Hotelling's generalized T²$T^2$-statistic. Ann. Math. Statist. 42, 560–571]. We extend this result by obtaining asymptotic expansions under general distributions. Moreover, the effect of non-normality is also considered. In order to obtain all the results, we make use of matrix manipulations such as direct products and symmetric tensor, rather than usual elementwise tensor notation.     

Historical trends in the degree of federal income tax progressivity in the United States

This study examines how the degree of progressivity of the U.S. Federal income tax evolved between 1929 and 2009. Data from the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Census Bureau, and Bureau of Economic Analysis is used to construct annual tax concentration curves and income concentration curves. Numerical values of four tax progressivity indices are determined. These values suggests that: (i) the degree of progressivity has varied greatly over time, (ii) taxation outcomes have become more progressive over the past four decades, (iii) the period from the early 1950s through 1974 was one of relatively low progressivity, whereas the period from 1975 through 2009 was one of relatively high progressivity, (iv) the most progressive outcomes of the last 67 years have been realized within the past decade, and (v) recent outcomes are much less progressive than were outcomes before 1942.     

基于甲型H1N1流感潜在影响的世博疾控应急策略探析

文章从政治、经济、社会等视角分析了当前爆发的甲型H1N1流感疫情对世博会的潜在影响,剖析了产生潜在影响的致灾因子,提出建立世博疾控平时常态管理与战时应急管理有效切换的制度准则,形成平时减缓阶段的风险管理和准备阶段的危险要素管理、战时响应阶段的应急管理及恢复阶段的灾害管理四位一体的全主体、全要素、全过程应对世博突发公共卫生危机的行动策略。     

Bayesian clustering for continuous-time hidden Markov models

We develop clustering procedures for longitudinal trajectories based on a continuous-time hidden Markov model (CTHMM) and a generalized linear observation model. Specifically, in this article we carry out finite and infinite mixture model-based clustering for a CTHMM and achieve inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). For a finite mixture model with a prior on the number of components, we implement reversible-jump MCMC to facilitate the trans-dimensional move between models with different numbers of clusters. For a Dirichlet process mixture model, we utilize restricted Gibbs sampling split–merge proposals to improve the performance of the MCMC algorithm. We apply our proposed algorithms to simulated data as well as a real-data example, and the results demonstrate the desired performance of the new sampler.     

张学良教育思想及其现代解读

张学良将军是著名的爱国将领,中华民族的千古功臣.他不仅在政治、军事等方面颇有成就和影响,而且在教育方面也有不少创见并开展了有效的实践.他视教育为中国之希望、东北之希望,视人才为中国之未来、东北之未来.在他看来,"教育为神圣事业","教育是建国之本".认真解读张学良重教兴国的远见卓识,可以发现其中的许多观点对当今的教育仍具有启发和借鉴意义:教育的主旨是修养人格,这是教育之根本;大学的主要功能是培养人才、阐明学术;人才的标准是要能够担负国家和社会的责任;教育要服务于社会.