Does Formal Education for Older Workers Increase Earnings? — Evidence Based on Rich Data and Long‐term Follow‐up

Governments in Europe, Canada and the USA have expressed an ambition to stimulate education of older. In this paper, we analyse if there are effects on annual earnings of formal education for participants aged 42–55 at the time of enrolment in 1994–95. The analysis explores longitudinal population register data stretching from 1982 to 2007. The method used is difference‐in‐differences propensity score matching based on a rich set of covariates, including indicators of health and labor market marginalization. Our findings underline the importance of long follow up periods and imply positive effects for women, especially so for women with children, and no significant average earnings effects for men. These results differ from earlier studies but are stable to several alternative assumptions regarding unobservable characteristics. Data further indicate that the gender gap in our estimates may stem from differences in underlying reasons for enrolment.     

一类半线性椭圆型方程的整体解

本文研究一类二阶半线性椭圆型方程正的整体解，所得的结果优于文[1]、[2]。     

The determinants of international creditworthiness and their policy implications

The present paper utilizes an empirical measure of creditworthiness based on bankers' perceptions to estimate the effect of various variables hypothesized to influence assessments of countries' debt-servicing capacity. The data pertain to a cross section of countries within the period 1979–1983. Such estimates necessarily employ a ceteris paribus assumption, which prevents a realistic assessment of the effects generated by policy changes. The second part of the paper develops, therefore, a dynamic simulation model of a hypothetical average economy. The simulations allow analysis of changes in macroeconomic variables and creditworthiness over time within a system that maintains accounting identities and behavioral constraints. Several changes in policy variables are considered that highlight the importance of export expansion. The latter is, of course, an often suggested policy objective, but the present paper demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of a somewhat nonstandard criterion.     

Policy responses to external shocks in sub-Saharan African countries

The author analyzes the experience of sub-Saharan African countries with external shocks in the form of the deterioration of the terms of trade and the world recession between 1973 and 1978, with distinction made between low-income and middle-income countries. Adjustment to external shocks in low-income sub-Saharan African countries took largely the form of reductions in imports through lower rates of economic growth and lower income elasticity of import demand while these countries lost export market shares. Losses in export market shares were smaller in the middle-income countries and in the entire group, export performance was positively correlated with the rate of economic growth.     

生命力的赞歌——论劳伦斯变异的人文主义在《查泰莱夫人的情人》中的表现

D.H.劳伦斯希望通过恢复男女两性关系的自然性来拯救危机四伏的西方社会,在他的作品里充满了对生命力的赞美。他这一思想与西方传统的“人文主义”思想很相似,却并非完全相同,这一思想可称为变异的“人文主义”思想,他的这种思想集中表现在《查泰莱夫人的情人》中。     

非奇异H矩阵研究

给出了非奇异Ｈ矩阵的一个必要条件和一种简单实用的判定方法     

Partitioning k multivariate normal populations according to equivalence with respect to a standard vector

We propose optimal procedures to achieve the goal of partitioning k multivariate normal populations into two disjoint subsets with respect to a given standard vector. Definition of good or bad multivariate normal populations is given according to their Mahalanobis distances to a known standard vector as being small or large. Partitioning k multivariate normal populations is reduced to partitioning k non-central Chi-square or non-central F distributions with respect to the corresponding non-centrality parameters depending on whether the covariance matrices are known or unknown. The minimum required sample size for each population is determined to ensure that the probability of correct decision attains a certain level. An example is given to illustrate our procedures.     

The macroeconomics of fertility in small open economies: A test of the Becker-Barro model for The Netherlands and New Zealand

Becker and Barro (1988) formulated a theoretical model which identified a range of macroeconomic variables which can temporarily or permanently affect fertility in small open economies. This article tests the Becker-Barro model with relevant data which covers most of the 20th century for two small open economies, namely The Netherlands and New Zealand. The results show that government subsidies for having children have a strong positive effect on fertility, while the provision of public pensions has a strong negative effect. The degree of intergenerational altruism appears to have been declining. Moreover, there is only weak support for the hypothesis that real interest rates positively influence fertility. Received: 2 March 1998/Accepted: 1 September 1999     

饱和粘土蠕变特性研究及参数确定

将两种弹 粘弹性模型（Burgers和H 2K模型）的一维蠕变方程，转换成三维状态下的应力 应变 时间关系，分别推导出常应力下两种模型的轴向应变随时间变化的方程。采用分级加载法进行室内长期单轴压缩蠕变试验，结合两种模型三维应力状态的轴向应变表达式，对试验结果进行拟合，得出相应模型的本构参数。试验结果表明：饱和粘土在新增荷载作用下2~3　d变形趋于稳定，Burgers模型和H 2K模型均能较好地模拟饱和粘土的衰减蠕变过程；而H 2K模型能更好地模拟土样在常应力作用下的蠕变特性。     

需要层次理论在弱势群体思想政治工作中的运用

马斯洛的需要层次理论着眼于人的需要的研究,与思想政治工作有相通之处。弱势社会群体是社会发展过程产生的特殊群体,他们需要的满足对于控制重大社会风险、稳定社会有着重要影响。我们应该充分了解弱势群体需要的层次性,运用发展的,变化的观点准确把握弱势群体的需要,要特别重视弱势群体的无意识需要,要注意运用需要次序的变动性激活弱势群体的精神动力。