张学良研究中的人性取向问题

张学良研究在民国人物研究领域成果是较为丰硕的,但检讨以往研究就会发现,和其他民国人物研究一样也存在着"简单化"、"脸谱化"倾向。导致这一现象的原因很多,但从学术上分析,研究视角的狭窄、研究取向的单一恐怕是最为主要的。为丰富张学良研究,人性视角不失为一个重要的研究取向:在以往偏重于政治、宏观研究的基础上,以马克思主义人性观为指导,调整研究主体姿态,从人所具有的自我性、历史性、总体性和主体性中把握人物的复杂性,并以"考古"的精神,走进人物的心灵,去发现构成"宏观"的微观、托起"崇高"的平凡、支配政治性的人性。如真能做到这样,无疑有助于研究的深化,或许能成为未来一个时期的研究指向。     

Log-linear models for mutations in the HIV genome

We discuss a general application of categorical data analysis to mutations along the HIV genome. We consider a multidimensional table for several positions at the same time. Due to the complexity of the multidimensional table, we may collapse it by pooling some categories. However, the association between the remaining variables may not be the same as before collapsing. We discuss the collapsibility of tables and the change in the meaning of parameters after collapsing categories. We also address this problem with a log-linear model. We present a parameterization with the consensus output as the reference cell as is appropriate to explain genomic mutations in HIV. We also consider five null hypotheses and some classical methods to address them. We illustrate methods for six positions along the HIV genome, through consideration of all triples of positions.     

Single use conservative confidence regions in multivariate controlled calibration

We consider a multivariate linear model for multivariate controlled calibration, and construct some conservative confidence regions, which are nonempty and invariant under nonsingular transformations. The computation of our confidence region is easier compared to some of the existing procedures. We illustrate the results using two examples. The simulation results show the closeness of the coverage probability of our confidence regions to the assumed confidence level.     

A p-value for testing the equivalence of the variances of a bivariate normal distribution

A p-value is developed for testing the equivalence of the variances of a bivariate normal distribution. The unknown correlation coefficient is a nuisance parameter in the problem. If the correlation is known, the proposed p-value provides an exact test. For large samples, the p-value can be computed by replacing the unknown correlation by the sample correlation, and the resulting test is quite satisfactory. For small samples, it is proposed to compute the p-value by replacing the unknown correlation by a scalar multiple of the sample correlation. However, a single scalar is not satisfactory, and it is proposed to use different scalars depending on the magnitude of the sample correlation coefficient. In order to implement this approach, tables are obtained providing sub-intervals for the sample correlation coefficient, and the scalars to be used if the sample correlation coefficient belongs to a particular sub-interval. Once such tables are available, the proposed p-value is quite easy to compute since it has an explicit analytic expression. Numerical results on the type I error probability and power are reported on the performance of such a test, and the proposed p-value test is also compared to another test based on a rejection region. The results are illustrated with two examples: an example dealing with the comparability of two measuring devices, and an example dealing with the assessment of bioequivalence.     

硬态车削H13钢切削力与表面粗糙度试验研究

为了探究H13钢硬态车削过程中的切削力与工件表面粗糙度，课题组采用单因素试验和多因素正交试验法设计车削试验。通 过极差分析法对试验结果进行分析，研究不同切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量对切削过程中切削力以及工件表面粗糙度的影响，并比较切削力与表面粗糙度的变化 规律。结果表明：影响切削力的显著性参数为背吃刀量＞进给量＞切削速度；影响工件表面粗糙度的显著性参数为进给量＞切削速度＞背吃刀量。通过单因素试 验分析可知，切削力与表面粗糙度变化有一定的相关性，表面粗糙度的变化趋势和切削力一致。     

Erratum to “Progressively Type-II right censored order statistics from discrete distributions” [J. Statist. Plann. Inference 138 (2008) 845–856]

In this note, we correct the proof of Representation 1 of Balakrishnan and Dembińska [2008. Progressively Type-II right censored order statistics from discrete distributions. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 138, 845–856] which relates the joint distribution of progressively Type-II right censored order statistics corresponding to an arbitrary population to progressively Type-II right censored order statistics from the standard uniform distribution.     

恒生的新“度量衡” 将A-H股溢价推向何方？

由于市场分割、计价货币、投资环境、投资理念、需求价格弹性差异等各种主客观原因，导致同一公司A股和H股的同股不同价现象。随着恒生AH股溢价指数的推出，衍生产品发行商为投资者开发利用价差套利的新产品就更加容易了，这无疑为两地股市套利交易铺平道路，从长远看，A、H股的价差将逐步缩小并可能消失。     

Burden of bioinformatics in medical research: Statistical perspectives and controversies

The ongoing evolution of genomics and bioinformatics has an overwhelming impact on medical and clinical research, albeit this development is often marked by genuine controversies as well as lack of scientific clarities and acumen. The search for disease genes and the gene–environment interaction has drawn considerable interdisciplinary scientific attention: environmental health, clinical and medical sciences, biological as well as computational and statistical sciences are most noteworthy. Statistical reasoning (quantitative modeling and analysis perspectives) has a focal stand in this respect while data mining resolutions are far from being statistically fully understood or interpretable. The use of human subjects, though unavoidable, under various extraneous restraints, medical ethics perspectives, and human rights undercurrents, has raised concern all over the world, especially in the developing countries. In the genomics context, clinical trials may be designed on chips and yet there are greater challenges due to the curse of dimensionality perspectives. Some of these challenging statistical issues in medical and clinical research (with emphasis on clinical trials) are appraised in the light of existing statistical tools, which are available for less complex clinical research problems.     

严复与斯宾塞、赫胥黎之间的思想关系——一个主要基于伦理学的解读

关于严复与斯宾塞、赫胥黎的思想关系,存在着两种主要观点：一种观点认为,严复在几乎所有的主要问题上都接受了斯宾塞的理论,而另一种观点认为,严复的理论是对斯宾塞和赫胥黎以及中国传统哲学的糅合、折衷。从伦理学的角度对折衷论的论据考察发现,这些论据都难以成立,把严复珀!解为斯宾塞主义者比将其理解为折衷主义者更符合实际。     

Environmental taxation and the double dividend hypothesis in CGE modelling literature: A critical review

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling is a flexible and open way to model the economic systems that allow practitioners to assess the impacts of different policies or external shocks over an economic system. There is some empirical literature dedicated to test the double dividend hypothesis of an environmental tax reform using CGE models. This hypothesis claims that is possible to obtain an improvement of both environmental and economic conditions by imposing an environmental tax and recycling revenues obtained to reduce other pre-existing taxes. This research provides a comprehensive review of this literature including a statistical and a meta-regression analysis. 69 different simulations from 40 studies have been analyzed. 55% of simulations have achieved a double dividend, concluding that although the environmental dividend is almost always achieved, the economic dividend still remains an ambiguous question that needs further research.