Relational problems and psychiatric symptoms in couple therapy

This article describes couples attending family counselling in Sweden. The study group is compared with clinical groups and non-clinical groups. Self-rating instruments were com-pleted by 317 women and 312 men to evaluate the following: marital satisfaction (DAS), expressed emotion (QAFM), family climate (FC), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) and sense of coherence (SOC). This group had several problems: marital relationships, disrupted family functioning, dyadic interactions characterised by criticism and open arguments, and multiple psychological symptoms. The women were espe-cially discontent in the relationship, and they exhibited higher symptom strain and lower sense of coherence than the men did. Compared with non-clinical populations, this group was severely distressed and was similar to in-patient families in child psychiatric clinics. The low sense of coherence of the individuals in the group under study means that their sense of having a meaningful life and their ability to comprehend and manage problems were severely compromised. Adequate and comprehensive treatment within the framework of social pro-grammes should be made available to these couples and others in a similar situation.     

试论中央民族大学体育系办学发展方向

通过对中央民族大学体育系学生生源、就业方向、培养目标、课程设置、办学条件的调查和论证 ,阐明了体育系今后的发展方向。建议学校加强体育系师资的建设 ,加强体育系与校内外有关单位的联系 ,加强少数民族传统体育项目的开发和研究。     

浙江省中学艺术体操教学现状分析

本文通过对浙江省中学体育课艺术体操内容教学情况的调查、分析,提出改变中学体育课教学现状的建议.     

Assessing the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Antisocial Behavior among Urban Youth in Public Housing

This study assesses whether the influences of attitude towards deviance, exposure to delinquent peers and parental supervision and encouragement on antisocial behavior are moderated by depressive symptoms. Two hundred and thirty eight African American adolescents ages 13–19 from three public housing developments participated in this study. Results indicate that approximately half of the youth did not engage in antisocial behaviors in the last year. Gender, depression, attitudes and peers were significant correlates of antisocial behavior. Parental supervision and encouragement, and age were not related to antisocial behavior. Interaction effects suggest that the relative influences of attitudes towards deviance and delinquent peers on antisocial behaviors depend upon gender and level of depression symptoms. Implications for social work practice and future research are discussed.     

The Function of Avoidance in Improving the Understanding of Disaster Recovery

Functional avoidance as an intermittent coping mechanism is a necessary component in disaster recovery. By temporarily avoiding losses after disaster, survivors can secure basic needs and begin rebuilding. It is not until recovery projects are completed that mental health outcomes become apparent. Many individuals begin a healthy grieving process; however, for others, where avoidance extends past the completion of normalizing tasks it becomes pathological. This study presents the concept of functional avoidance and investigates the point at which it becomes dysfunctional using case examples and data from a mental health clinic. Findings suggest increased emotional distress, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder over 3 years after Hurricane Katrina.     

体育游戏在中学体育教学中的运用与研究

体育游戏是丰富体育活动的重要内容和提高体育教学质量的有效手段之一。由于体育游戏具有简单的情节性、丰富的趣味性和激烈的竞争性,所以经常参加体育游戏活动可强身心、炼意志、促进身体、生理和技能的发展,提高心理健康水平。通过对体育游戏的本质特征、在体育课堂教学中的作用及其选编原则的分析,来研究体育游戏在体育教学中的运用,提出体育游戏教学中对教师素质的具体要求。     

系统症结辨识的模糊分析与应用

本文基于模糊因果网络分析,提出了系统症结辨识的一种新思路,实例研究了吉林省轻工业发展现状的主要症结所在．     

Variability in Physical Constant Parameter Values from Standard Data Sources and the Implication of This Variability for Risk Analysis

Physical property values are used in environmental risk assessments to estimate media and risk-based concentrations. However, considerable variability has recently been reported with such values. To evaluate potential variability in physical parameter values supporting a variety of regulatory programs, eight data sources were chosen for evaluation, and chemicals appearing in at least four sources were selected. There were 755 chemicals chosen. In addition, chemicals in seven environmentally important subgroups were also identified for evaluation. Nine parameters were selected for analysis-molecular weight (MolWt), melting point (MeltPt), boiling point (BoilPt), vapor pressure (VP), water solubility (AqSOL), Henry's law constant (HLC), octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), and diffusion coefficients in air (Dair) and water (Dwater). Results show that while 71% of constituents had equal MolWts across data sources, <3% of the constituents had equivalent parameter values across data sources for AqSOL, VP, or HLC. Considerable dissimilarity between certain sources was also observed. Furthermore, measures of dispersion showed considerable variation in data sets for Kow, VP, AqSOL, and HLC compared to measures for MolWt, MeltPt, BoilPt, or Dwater. The magnitude of the observed variability was also noteworthy. For example, the 95th percentile ratio of maximum/minimum parameter values ranged from 1.0 for MolWt to well over 1.0E + 06 for VP, and HLC. Risk and exposure metrics also varied by similar magnitudes. Results with environmentally important subgroups were similar. These results show that there is considerable variability in physical parameter values from standard sources, and that the observed variability could affect potential risk estimates and perhaps risk management decisions.     

A bio-psycho-social model of successful aging as shown through the variable “physical activity”

In this article, we present and explain a bio-psycho-social model of successful aging with subjective well-being as a criterion of a successful aging process. We focus on physical activity because it is a crucial behavior. Physical activity can support successful aging in two different ways: first, due to its physiological and cognitive effects, and Second, an older person can enhance subjective well-being (SWB) while being physically active. The model points out that an older person can regulate SWB. To do this, an older person should set and pursue personally and culturally valued goals. The strength of the association between setting a goal and goal pursuance, respectively, and SWB depends on the extent a person is able to satisfy psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). But, the decision as to which goal will be set and pursued does not belong to the older person exclusively. The bio-psycho-social model explains that the chance to enhance SWB is restricted by personal dispositions (e.g., physiological constitution, psychological factors) and social–structural constraints (e.g., predominant stereotype of aging, facilities especially for target groups). Funding credit: Landesstiftung Baden Württemberg gGmbH [Landesstiftung Foundation]     

Psychosocial stress and job satisfaction in female office employees with and without neck-shoulder symptoms

The objective of this research performed in a Finnish occupational health care setting was to describe the annual prevalence of neck and shoulder symptoms in female office employees and to test whether or not these symptoms were associated with psychosocial stress, job satisfaction and health locus of control. The subjects consisted wholly of female office employees (n = 232) at one local bank and three insurance offices, chosen on a voluntary basis. The annual prevalence of disturbing neck-shoulder symptoms among female office employees was 43.3%. An association of these symptoms with psychosomatic symptoms, poor general job satisfaction and its two subdimensions, work content and perception of the healthiness of the working environment, was noticed. The subjects with neck-shoulder symptoms had a significantly higher score of feelings of external control (fatalism) than those without symptoms. The results lead to the conclusion that neck-shoulder symptoms are common amongst female office employees. These symptoms are associated with some psychosocial stress factors and job dissatisfaction. In future, it would be important to pay attention to these factors when trying to reduce the prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms in office work.