伊朗伊斯兰共和国政治体制探究

1979年伊朗爆发了伊斯兰革命,从表面看,革命的胜利是政教合一体制建立的主要原因。然而在经过两伊战争、政治孤立、经济制裁、伊核危机和总统大选风波后,这种政治体制仍能稳步发展且依然具有活力的深层原因很值得研究。本文将通过波斯传统的政治思想、伊斯兰教什叶派的宗教思想、外来现代化思想的影响和其他模式尝试的失败等四个方面来揭示这一体制得以确立和发展的内在根源。     

信任缺失:新生代农民工身份建构与政治认同

新生代农民工城市融入的本质是新生代农民工与城市市民、城市社会组织及政治的互动与认同,这种互动与认同以信任为基础。其中人际信任、组织信任与政治信任分别构成新生代农民工身份建构的基础、融入城市的社会资本与政治认同的基础。由于当前社会人际信任缺失、组织信任匮乏与政治信任偏低,导致新生代农民工陷入身份建构与政治认同困境。因此只有通过修复新生代农民工的人际信任、增进其组织信任、重构政治信任方能构建起积极的身份认同。     

中国青年政治意识的未来发展

青年政治意识作为社会政治现象中的一个特殊方面,对中国、中国特色社会主义乃至中国特色社会主义政治的长远发展都具有重要的现实意义。以社会主义公共意识为基础,以主体性、发展性为一般属性,以政治性、积极性和行动性为特殊属性的政治行动意识作为主体政治心理走向政治人格的重要中介,是中国青年政治意识发展的未来取向,以政治参与意识为中心的青年政治行动意识培养是中国青年政治意识未来发展的重要路径。     

Suicide,Religion, and Latinos: A Macrolevel Study of U.S. Latino Suicide Rates

Since the publication of Durkheim's Suicide more than a century ago, researchers have been examining the relationship between religion and suicide, and race/ethnicity and suicide. However, no study has examined how religion influences U.S. Latino suicide rates. This study fills a gap in the literature by applying three competing theses to the study of Latino suicide. Results show that (1) religious contextual variables significantly affect Latino suicide rates, (2) U.S.‐born Latinos benefit from religious communities, regardless of denomination or measurement used, and (3) foreign‐born Latinos only benefit from Catholic adherents and homogeneity.     

The sexual in Chinese sociology: homosexuality studies in contemporary China

Through a meta‐literature review, this paper examines the changing contours of Chinese sociology of homosexuality in contemporary China. It unfolds the different theoretical orientations and methodologies that construct the modern male homosexual subject under major socio‐economic and political changes. Chinese sociology of homosexuality started in the reform era and has been dominated by Western knowledge production and the political ideology of the communist party‐state. Fused with the bio‐medical model and the state's modernization project in the 1980s–1990s, the sociological study adopted a functionalist and positivistic approach with survey‐based methodology in the main which focused on the etiology of homosexuality. A new transnational knowledge production of sociology of homosexuality has formed since the 2000s which has shifted towards a constructivist/ post‐structuralist approach and reflexive qualitative methodology. The new sociological study examines the rise of male (as well as female) homosexual identity in China, questions the hetero/homosexual binary and discusses how an individual makes sense of homosexual identity to form same‐sex intimate relationships. By tracing the epistemology of homosexuality in contemporary China, this paper rethinks the dominance of the Western construction and the role of the state in shaping the knowledge of homosexuality and proposes alternative spaces for theorizing Chinese sexual identities, desires and practices.     

Theorizing the social: Émile Durkheim's theory of force and energy

This paper offers a new interpretation of Émile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) as the basis for reconsidering the Tarde–Durkheim debate of 1903 and the distinctions between a theory of social force and a theory of social assemblage. Resisting traditional interpretations of Durkheim's scientism, this essay traces how concepts of force and energy are centrally developed in Elementary Forms to draw new lines between epistemology to ontology for twentieth-century theory. I argue that Durkheim develops an ‘energetic epistemology’ that conceives of the human capacity for shared meaning as a product of invested energy in the form of continually enacted and evolving material practice, thought, and attention. According to Durkheim, when a member of a collective perceives a god or feels belief, he or she actually perceives the accumulated energy of on-going creation and maintenance of objects and ideas by members of a collective. Sacred objects, images, and ideas bear the trace of collective energy the more they are carefully crafted, maintained in spaces that are specially arranged, and written into behavioural codes. This reading of Durkheim allows us to consider him in a lineage of social constructivists and, particularly, in relation to Ludwik Fleck, who has been largely confined to different theoretical discussions when his contributions to sociology have been acknowledged at all. By reconsidering Durkheim, we have occasion to rethink his sociology and understand how he redrew the lines between thought and action, between epistemology and ontology, through the material framework of energy and force.     

罗尔斯“公民的两种道德能力”论析——兼论罗尔斯《政治自由主义》与康德实践哲学的关系

罗尔斯在《政治自由主义》一书中所论及的公民的两种道德能力——理性的和合理的,是罗尔斯政治自由主义理论建构的基础。理性的和合理的两个概念来自于康德的实践哲学,通过对罗尔斯关于公民的两种道德能力的论析,可以看出康德的道德哲学在罗尔斯《政治自由主义》中的呈现。     

主流政治大片的政治审美与国家形象的构建

近年来,以《建国大业》、《建党伟业》等为主导的影片迅速形成了主流政治大片的新类型。但不得不指出,这种类型倚重"数星星"的娱乐议题,割裂了审美认知与情感关系,导致认知功能的丧失,难以有效地阐释政治观念及其价值,反过来也影响到审美情感的丰富性与深刻性,政治叙事缺乏感染力。我们认为,当下电影的高票房与社会议题的设置关系密切。主流政治大片需要从当下政治实践与国际政治的两个维度上,运用包括领袖人物与政治观念等多义与复杂性,设置吸引大众关注、积极参与的政治议题,从而塑造出一个理性的国家形象。     

改革攻坚:对当代中国改革一个重大基本问题的分析

改革攻坚源发于我国后发现代化语境下政治权力主导的渐进改革模式。改革攻坚是针对处于体制核心领域即政治权力系统中严重阻滞改革进一步深化的消极因素而言的。这些消极因素包括实体因素、体制因素与具体问题因素三个相互交织、相互强化的层次。改革攻坚意味着政治权力系统必须针对自身深化改革,进一步增强自身的制度规范性与治理有效性。中国改革大致在20世纪90年代中后期进入攻坚阶段。     

中国共产党对江淮旅沪同乡会政治动员初探(1925-1949)

江淮旅沪同乡会是苏北旅沪移民社团中规模最大的同乡团体,其理事长亦是上海青帮中势力颇大的头目。中国共产党在与江淮旅沪同乡会打交道过程中,积累了丰富的政治动员经验:利用同乡、亲属关系,对该社团的核心人物进行动员,进而影响整个团体的政治态度;国民党的独裁、腐朽统治,加速该社团倾向革命;挖掘江淮人讲义气的性格特质,顺利实现政治动员。中国共产党动员江淮同乡会,并不是肯定同乡组织及青帮;解放后,这类组织被逐步消解。中国共产党对江淮旅沪同乡会的政治动员,是中国共产党在具体革命实践中灵活运用统一战线的尝试,动员一切可以动员的力量加入到革命队伍中来,扩大了党的群众基础,丰富和发展了马克思主义统一战线理论。