我国共同侵权制度的再探讨

在侵权法立法之际,我们应当再次探讨该制度,以构建完整的、妥当的共同侵权制度.就共同加害行为而言,行为的"共同"的认定应采共同故意说,行为人应承担连带责任.就拟制的共同加害行为而言,应妥当认定教唆人和帮助人,同时应以责任能力为基础,来确立教唆或帮助未成年人或精神病人时的责任承担.就共同危险行为而言,它是指加害人不明,行为人应承担连带责任,并可以通过举证因果关系不存在而免责.此外,共同加害行为制度不能扩张适用于无过错责任案件,而共同危险行为制度可以扩张适用于无过错责任案件;团伙成员的责任制度不宜规定在侵权法之中.     

工程项目纠纷解决方法进化博弈研究

应用不同方式解决工程纠纷,在纠纷各方的利益、约束以及合作关系的保护等方面各有利弊。在纠纷解决过程中,纠纷方正是基于不同侧重点,博弈学习并通过试错寻找较好的策略。因此,工程建设纠纷的解决过程,实际上是纠纷方进化博弈的过程。为此,在对替代性纠纷解决方法(ADR)与法院诉讼进行收益成本分析的基础上,建立了纠纷解决方法进化博弈模型,并对模型不同情形下的策略进行了分析,对工程项目纠纷解决方法选择提出了建设性意见。     

我国留守儿童心理健康研究的思考及展望

近二十年关于留守儿童心理健康的研究层出不穷,但研究结论存在诸多分歧,分析归纳:研究被试的操作定义不准确,研究工具的多样化及研究方法的局限性,留守儿童心理健康影响因素的广泛性与复杂性,都可能导致研究结论不一致甚至相互矛盾,进而给教育干预带来困惑。未来研究应在生态系统发展观视野下,着眼于留守儿童心理发展的内在机制和外在因素对其心理健康的交互影响,寻求留守儿童的保护性因素。     

发展主义研究评述

国内学者一般将发展主义划为三类:拉美型发展主义,东亚型发展主义和西方型发展主义。发展主义自身固有的生成背景和否定意涵使学界普遍持一种反思的态度,目前对发展主义的批判包括哲学反思、生态反思和新发展主义三个层面。摆脱"就事论事式"和"全盘西化式"的研究态度和水准,进而转入"形而上学式"和"自主创新式"的理论探索,这是国内的发展研究需要进一步着力的方向,包括三个方面:将发展主义历史化,积极寻求另类的发展和构建新的发展价值体系。     

基于文化视角的韩岭古村保护性开发研究

从文化的视角对东钱湖韩岭古村的开发问题展开探讨。韩岭古村在封建农商文化、家族宗法文化、历史名人与建筑遗存文化以及古村落格局文化方面具有鲜明的资源特色,也因此体现出在历史文献研究、现代人情感依托和旅游发展方面的独特开发价值。然而在现实发展中,韩岭同时面临着资源保护不到位和价值开发不到位的双重问题。针对这一问题从文化保护和旅游开发两方面展开对策性思考。     

Envisioning agricultural sustainability from field to plate: Comparing producer and consumer attitudes and practices toward ‘environmentally friendly’ food and farming in Washington State, USA

A substantial body of sociological research has examined the relationship between farmers’ environmental attitudes and their conservation behaviors, but little research has compared the attitudes of producers and consumers toward the environment with their behaviors or practices in support of sustainable agri-food systems. This paper addresses these shortcomings by analyzing the intersection between producer and consumer attitudes toward environmental sustainability with their actual practices, drawing data from focus group interviews and surveys with producers and consumers in Washington State, USA. We compare farmers’ attitudes toward several agricultural and environmental policies with their self-reported practices to examine whether support for environmental policies aligns with sustainable farming practices. For consumers, we investigate the relationship between their attitudes toward the same agricultural and environmental policy issues with their interest in purchasing food produced in an environmentally sustainable manner. Through our analyses, we find that consumers’ and producers’ practices are not always consistently correlated with their environmental attitudes, but that support for agricultural land preservation is one policy area in which the interests of producers and consumers intersect with their interest in sustainable farming and food. Findings from our individual and focus group interviews assist us in understanding the multiple, sometimes competing, factors that consumers and producers must weigh in making decisions about environmentally sustainable food and farming.     

美国农村人口迁移与启示

美国农村人口迁移始于 2 0世纪 2 0年代 ,结束于 6 0年代 ,均为自发性的移民。其农村人口迁移具有阶段性 ,第一阶段主要是迁往大城市 ,且具有较高文化层次的选择性 ,第二阶段移民则不具有文化选择性 ,移民规模与非农经济发展呈正相关关系 ,移民迁出地与迁入地的距离与移民规模也是呈正相关。美国农村人口迁移的经验 ,对我国农村人口迁移有一定启示。     

The role of parasitoids in evolution of habitat and larval food plant preference by three Pieris butterflies

This article attempts to explain that parasitoids provide the evolutionary pressure responsible for relationships between habitat use and larval food plant use in herbivorous insects. Three species of butterflies of the genus Pieris, P. rapae, P. melete, and P. napi use different sets of cruciferous plants. They prefer different habitats composed of similar sets of cruciferous plants. In our study, P. rapae used temporary habitats with ephemeral plants, P. melete used permanent habitat with persistent plants, although they also used temporary habitats, and P. napi used only permanent habitat. The choice experiment in the field cages indicated that each of the three butterfly species avoided oviposition on plants usually unused in its own habitat, but accepted the unused plants which grew outside its own habitat. Their habitat use and plant use were not explained by intrinsic plant quality examined in terms of larval performance. Pieris larvae collected from persistent plants or more long lasting habitats were more heavily parasitized by two specialist parasitoids, the braconid wasp Cotesia glomerata and the tachinid fly Epicampocera succincta. The results suggest that Pieris habitat and larval food plant use patterns can be explained by two principles. The evolution of habitat preference may have been driven by various factors including escape from parasitism. Once habitat preference has evolved, selection favors the evolution of larval food plant preferences by discriminating against unsuitable plants, including those which are associated with high parasitism pressures. Received: December 3, 1998 / Accepted: January 20, 1999     

Development of a Case Closure Index in Korean Elder Protective Service Agencies

This article describes the development and initial testing of an index to judge appropriateness of closing cases of elder abuse in Korean Elder Protective Service Agencies. An Index to Close Cases of Elder Abuse (ICCEA) was developed with input and feedback from caseworkers and expert reviewers. The ICCEA included client, perpetrator, and family and environmental indicators. A sample of 457 agency records in domestic settings was used to test the validity of the ICCEA. The ICCEA illustrated some validity with three external variables: a global item assessing appropriateness of case closure, case status coded open or closed, and closure reasons. The ICCEA showed potential as an objective guide for deciding whether to close cases of elder abuse and for making follow-up care plans after case closure in Korea.     

替代或机遇:工业机器人时代新生代农民工的生存抉择

随着劳动密集型制造企业人工成本的不断上升,中国制造业使用工业机器人代替人力的趋势已现端倪。中国正处于产业转型升级的关键时刻,越来越多的企业在生产制造过程中引入工业机器人,其对产业转型升级必然带来积极效应,但可能附带产生的其他社会影响也需被理性对待。如果劳动密集型企业大量使用机器人,挤占的将是新生代农民工群体的就业机会,这无疑将会对就业尤其是新生代农民工就业形成巨大压力。