日本的和平博物馆与和平研究

日本所拥有的和平博物馆数量位居世界之首,但大多数公共和平博物馆与战争博物馆一样,没有展示日本的侵略历史;即使涉及这方面,也只是展现日本作为第二次世界大战中原子弹爆炸受害者的形象,而完全忽略亚洲其他国家人民遭受日本蹂躏的苦难经历。然而另有一些公共和平博物馆和私人博物馆如高知民众所,却客观地反映了日本在二战中的侵略历史,市民们在那里建构和平的活动很是积极。在和平教育中,和平博物馆不仅在学校而且在社区均扮演着重要的角色。在冲突化解和宣扬和平思想方面,和平博物馆将发挥相当的作用。     

论抗战时期国共合作的思想基础

抗战时期国共合作的思想理论基础是三民主义。没有三民主义思想理论的指导,就不可能有国共再次合作;没有国共合作,也就不可能有抗日战争的最后胜利。     

Worldviews or Social Groups as the Source of Moral Value Attitudes: Implications for the Culture Wars Thesis

Individual moral value attitudes are typically explained by reference to social experiences as indicated by social group variables. Contrary to this view, the emergent culture wars perspective claims that two worldviews that transcend social groups are ultimately and fundamentally responsible for moral value attitudes. Although this relationship has been claimed for the general population, it has not been investigated with national representative data. This paper contrasts the worldview and social group explanations by examining the relative importance of the worldviews implicated in the culture wars literature and the social groups found to be important in previous research. I find social groups to be more important than worldviews, but that worldviews also have explanatory power. I conclude with a discussion about possible clarifications of the culture wars thesis.     

限制战争:格劳秀斯主权理论新解

格劳秀斯希望能够限制战争,并通过为战争立法,使人类尽可能免受战争灾难。出于这一考虑,其主权理论的贡献不仅在于首次从国际法和国际关系层面对主权的内涵进行了阐释,而且在阐释主权内涵时体现出非常鲜明的限制战争的理念。格劳秀斯意图通过约束发动战争的主体来限制战争,其排斥人民主权的目的也在于限制战争。格劳秀斯从国际法层面立法限制战争的思想对后世产生了重要影响,也成为现代国际法中废弃战争和禁止战争思想的理论源头。     

Can Psychosocial Intervention Improve Peer and Sibling Relations Among War‐affected Children? Impact and Mediating Analyses in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Social resources are considered important protectors in traumatic conditions, but few studies have analyzed their role in psychosocial interventions among war‐affected children. We examined (1) whether a psychosocial intervention (teaching recovery techniques, TRT) is effective in improving peer and sibling relations, and (2) whether these potentially improved relations mediate the intervention's impacts on children's mental health. Participants were 428 Palestinian children [10–13 (mean = 11.29, standard deviation SD = .68)‐year‐old girls (49.4 percent) and boys (50.6 percent)], who were cluster‐randomized into the TRT and wait‐list control groups. They reported the quality of peer (friendship and loneliness) and sibling (intimacy, warmth, conflict, and rivalry) relations, and posttraumatic stress, depressive and psychological distress symptoms, as well as psychosocial well‐being at baseline (T1), postintervention (T2), and six month follow‐up (T3). Results showed gender‐specific TRT intervention effects: Loneliness in peer relations reduced among boys and sibling rivalry reduced among girls. The TRT prevented the increase in sibling conflict that happened in the control group. The mediating hypothesis was partially substantiated for improved peer relations, and beneficial changes in sibling relations were generally associated with improved mental health.     

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔与克里米亚战争

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔被誉为克里米亚战争（1854-1856）的女英雄和现代护理学的主要奠基人。战地记者无情揭露了克里米亚战争中英国军队存在的诸多弊端，促使英国政府派遣南丁格尔护士团前往克里米亚战争前线医院，而南丁格尔在护理教育、军队医疗和卫生改革等方面的贡献都要追溯到她在克里米亚战争中的经历。     

试论西部大开发中少数民族传统文化重构的特点

本文通过对西部大开发过程中少数民族文化重构的必然性、多元性、个体自愿性、长期性等特点的分析,论证并指出:西部开发过程中少数民族传统文化的变迁、重构是必然趋势,并且这个重构是长期的发展过程。在此过程中,应以个体自愿的原则为基础,让各种文化的主人从多元的社会文化取向中自主选择取舍,以达到“中和位育”的最终结果,在西部民族地区形成“各美其美”、“美美与共”、“和而不同”的多元文化混一的文化环境。与此同时,笔者对学术界中值得商榷的提法也进行了必要的修正。     

抗日文学光环掩盖下的文革

何顿的抗日题材长篇小说《来生再见》,其写作的重心不在抗日,而在文革;作家关注的不是历史,而是普通人在极端政治条件下人性的挣扎。生存环境险恶严酷的抗战时期,主人公黄抗日能够应用自己的生存哲学虎口脱身,回到家中安静地生活;但在文革的政治环境下,他却被逼得装疯、吃屎,家破人亡,生活、人格肢解得体无完肤。作品通过这种对比竖起了一座文革无字碑,形成对文革无言的控诉。     

毛泽东人民战争思想的时代意义

毛泽东等共产党人在中国长期的革命战争实践中,形成了系统的人民战争思想。通过对人民战争思想的产生、形成和发展历程回顾,肯定了人民战争思想对中国的历史意义、现实意义和对未来高技术战争的指导意义。     

均势和平论剖析

均势是个理论内涵丰富,实践操作复杂的国际战略,从近代以来它一直为西方政治家、战略家和外交家所推崇,因为他们相信均势能够给“自然状态”下的国际社会带来和平愿景。本文对国际国内学术界关于和平与均势的定义、特征、分类以及均势的功用等方面所取得的研究成果进行梳理,对国际关系理论范式关于均势与和平互动解读的得失作一个客观性评价。