封建制VS现代政府公共管理

当代中国政府公共管理在朝着科学化、现代化发展的同时,不断地受到传统封建制的影响。随着政府公共管理的迅速发展,二者之间的矛盾冲突也日益凸现,主要表现在政府生产力、服务对象、政府组织形式、后果管理、公共政策决策能力等六个方面。因此有必要以现代政府管理新理念去建设服务型政府。     

Cybernetic appropriateness review: Does it change physician hospital utilization patterns?

All hospital care can be characterized as either appropriate (i.e., efficatious and necessary) or inappropriate (i.e., services without benefit or services that could be provided in a less costly setting). A demonstration project combining an appropriateness determination methodology with a cybernetic control system was implemented in a study area that included six hospitals and approximately 400 practicing physicians. Project results to date indicate substantial improvements in the ratio of appropriate to inappropriate care for both hospitals and individual physicians. Evaluation research design problems and areas of future research are also discussed.     

新公共管理运动对高校内部行政管理的借鉴意义

本文阐述了在改善西方国家公共管理水平中发挥积极作用的新公共管理运动的主要思想,结合高校的公共性特征分析了高校内部行政管理存在的主要问题,提出了借鉴新公共管理思想改进高校内部行政管理的具体措施.     

Pre- and post-planned evaluation: Which is preferable?

This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the “pre-planned” and “post-planned” approaches to evaluating program effectiveness. These evaluative approaches are compared along a number of dimensions which include: (a) Reliability of data and the cost of collecting it; (b) Internal validity; (c) External validity; (d) Evaluation obtrusiveness and threat; and (e) Program goal displacement and program direction. A model designed to help program managers decide when and under what conditions either of these two evaluative approaches should be employed is presented. One major theme throughout this discussion is that despite the growing interest in and use of pre-planned evaluation, the post-planned method has many advantages which often go unnoticed. This paper will help program administrators, planners and evaluators in selecting and implementing these two methods in light of their respective strengths and limitations.     

对国有企业改革的再认识

国有企业在国民经济中发挥着其它经济成分所无法替代的作用 ,然而由于认识、体制和利益上的问题 ,国有企业的改革成为全社会关注的难点。首先要对国有企业进行再认识 ,继而按照“三个有利于”的标准对国有企业进行战略性改组     

中、西文学“民间”理念之比较

19世纪西方民俗学创立,20世纪中国民俗学诞生,分别在各自特定的历史时期关怀"民间",其出发点有着一致性,也有相异之处;中、西方对"民间"之"民"的理解存在着差异性,不同的文化精神也使得"民间"的内涵同中有异;反映在文学领域,西方文学秉承"民间"人文精神,张扬个性、思想自由,文学创作指向人类的终极关怀,并表现出自下而上(个人指向人类)的特征;中国文人则始终没有摆脱"民众导师"的立场,自上而下地俯视人间(民间),这一特点主宰着文艺创作.     

一个公用服务质量测评模型的构建和分析:来自中国公用服务业的证据

本文考虑了公用服务的特殊性和行业特征,在对天津经济技术开发区公用服务企业(包括自来水公司、电力公司、燃气公司、热电公司)调查研究基础上提出了公用服务质量概念框架,构建了公用服务质量测评模型。本文提出公用服务质量包括供能质量和服务过程质量两个维度。其中供能质量由标准性、稳定性、安全性、服务补救四个要素组成;服务过程质量由服务交互界面、员工服务表现、服务标准、服务流程、服务设施与工具、服务承诺、顾客期望管理、服务投诉八个要素组成。对四类公用服务的调查包括对27家企业用户和50位居民用户的访谈,以及对150家代表性企业用户、304名居民用户作为样本的问卷调查,收到企业用户的有效问卷120份、居民有效问卷256份。本文利用调查数据检验上述服务测评初步维度结构的信度和效度,修正并形成了最终的公用服务质量测评模型,并发现了模型在评价居民用户和企业用户服务质量感知的异同,讨论了该测评工具的管理实践意义和未来的研究方向。     

Success of research-based spin-offs. State-of-the-art and guidelines for further research

The topic of this paper is research-based spin-offs from public organisations. The initial point is a discussion about the economic benefit of such companies. The paper investigates factors influencing the generation, development, and growth of research-based spin-offs built on scientific know-how or research results. An analysis of previous empirical studies allows the identification of three main groups of success factors, concerning the founder, the environment, and the later company itself. Based on Gartner’s framework of new venture creation—used as a structure-building tool and substitute of entrepreneurial theory—we give an overview of entrepreneurial success factors. We also identify inconsistencies and gaps in empirical evidence and guidelines for further research. Particular explanation seems to be necessary for incentives, ideas, and incubation environments, all having an impact on formation and performance of spin-offs.      

Business in Metropolis: Local Governance of for-Profit Organisations in Finland

European local governments face strong pressures to privatisation and market-based reforms in the near future to combat economic austerity and demands for efficiency. This article shows how Finnish metropolitan city has been able to organise its for-profit activities in the new competitive landscape which requires balancing between political demands, legal restrictions and economic efficiency. The governance of for-profit activities in metropolitan city shows that there is both demand and room for administrative innovation to accommodate past administrative idiosyncrasies to market environment. In conclusion, local governments need to pay attention to their own role in shaping local competitive landscape.     

公共政策在国际商事仲裁裁决拒绝承认和执行中的适用--浅论《纽约公约》第5条第2款第2项的公共政策抗辩制度

公共政策条款是《纽约公约)中关于拒绝承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的重要抗辩理由之一,也是各国法院保护其法律制度的一道安全阀。但由于公约以及各国的立法均未对公共政策作一个明确的界定,其在实践中便存在被各国滥用的危险。随着仲裁在国际商事争议解决中的作用和价值得到越来越多国家的重视,公共政策抗辩正在呈现窄化的趋势,这将有助于仲裁在更为自由和自治的基础上继续发展。