公共财政与和谐社会

简要阐释现代公共财政为实现和谐社会伟大目标而应该发挥的基本作用。文章指出,和谐社会的标志就是人们能够在资源高效配置、财富公平分配和最佳宏观经济规模这三个相对独立且又相互联系的社会目标间找到长期平衡。对此,经济社会只有要求政府在现代公共财政框架下,针对传统经济增长、财富分配模式的主要弊端,转而推行体现“天人合一”理念的,兼顾“平等”、“效率”原则的长期公共政策,才能实现这种平衡。文章还指出,西方国家曾经经历的“倒U曲线型”发展模式并不适合于现在的我国。该模式典型特征是“先发展,再治理”,以及在该发展模式影响下,政府总是倾向于以倒U曲线的下降部分来辩解现行政策选择的正确性。考虑到“倒U曲线型”发展模式给社会经济生活造成的巨大成本,古老东方国家信奉的“天人合一”的社会经济发展模式再次表现出不朽的生命力。     

试析计算机技术在古典文献研究中的若干问题

计算机技术在古典文献整理与研究中存在着缺乏统一领导与规划;开发商嗜利忘义;热门文献数据重复等问题.解决这些问题的关键在于建立公共古典文献数据库和开发个性化文献检索服务系统两个方面.具体说来是加强总体规划,建立公共古典文献数据库;建立公平的交易平台和发展新兴学科,培养专业人才.     

All the News that’s Fat to Print: The American “Obesity Epidemic” and the Media

In the last twenty years scientific, medical, and public health interest in obesity has skyrocketed. Increasingly the term “epidemic” is being used in the media, medical journals, and public health policy literature to describe the current prevalence of fatness in the U.S. Using social scientific literature on epidemics, social problems, and feminist theories of the body, this paper traces the historical emergence of the “obesity epidemic” through an analysis of 751 articles on obesity published in The New York Times between 1990 and 2001. Through the identification and analysis of three discursive pairings I argue that the “obesity epidemic” is a part of a new breed of what I call “post-modern epidemics,” epidemics in which unevenly medicalized phenomena lacking a clear pathological basis get cast in the language and moral panic of “traditional” epidemics. I show how this moral panic together with the location of the problem within the individual precludes a more macro level approach to health and health care delivery at a time when health care services are being dismantled or severely cut back.

Evaluating child welfare training in public agencies: status and prospects

Although staff training in public child welfare agencies is thought to be a critical component of effective practice, little is known about the delivery and effectiveness of training interventions. Few evaluations are published in the literature and it is uncertain how much evaluation activity is being conducted and utilized. This study collected data from 48 public child welfare agencies in the United States regarding the conduct of training evaluation and the utilization of training data. The data are discussed within the context of planning the next steps for public agencies’ efforts in training evaluation.     

Parameters for Safer Gambling Behavior: Examining the Empirical Research

There have been claims that new gambling technology is hazardous to player health, and that technological interventions can alleviate gambling-related harm. In this paper, we systematically review the empirical research about the nexus between gambling and technology to evaluate the veracity of these claims. We use a public health perspective (i.e., the Epidemiologic Triangle) to organize and present study results (i.e., agent, host, and environment). This review intends to offer insight about emerging technology and identify areas that indicate a need for additional research. Forty-seven studies met our inclusion and exclusion criteria; a review of this body of work shows that attempts to develop and implement safety features for new gambling technology are promising, but methodologically are rudimentary and limited in scope. Increased attention to the dynamic interaction among host, agent, and environment factors hold potential to advance the field. In addition, improved study methods (e.g., longitudinal analyses of actual betting behavior), and collaboration among policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers can increase understanding of how new gambling technology affects the public health and stimulate new strategies for implementing effective public health interventions.

Fighting Corruption on the Transdnistrian Border: Lessons from Failed and New Successful Anti-Corruption Programmes

In 2007, both Moldovan and Ukrainian authorities took firm steps to reduce corruption along the Transdnistrian border. This paper—aimed mainly at anti-corruption practitioners and scholars in public administration—discusses the background and underlying principles guiding the anti-corruption work being adopted by both governments in order to facilitate discussion about optimal anti-corruption programme design. This paper presents a set of tools used during the planning phase of the anti-corruption programme—outlining the methodology used to assess the extent of corruption on the Transdnistrian border, the problems of legislative transplants, a “contract test” for defining corruption offenses, a method of risk analysis, and a model of optimal anti-corruption programme organizational design.

城乡差分与内外之别:流动人口社会保障研究

流动人口与流入地居民之间最主要的差异集中表现为社会保障福利和其他公共资源的获得。2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据。分析结果显示,由于户籍类型造成的城乡差分及因户籍地引起的内外之别共同作用于个体社会保障的可获得性,三个人群的社会保障水平呈现出显著的梯级差别,乡-城流动人口处于农村人和外来人的双重弱势;而且,经济越发达,流动人口的社会保障水平越低;而在经济欠发达之地,他们与本地市民的差距较小,呈现出低水平融入的特点。这些发现表明,各级政府改善流动人口社会福利的努力在很大程度上受制于各地区现行的制度安排,而这些制约维系着不同身份人群之间在公共资源可及性和可得性方面的不公。     

公民参与地方治理的理论与实践机制

公民参与是我国民主政治发展和行政体制改革的重要方向与基本途径。公民参与的广泛展开在地方治理层面上是可行的,公民社会的兴起与民间组织的成长、地方政府分权化改革以及基层政治组织自治是我国公民参与公共事务的三种主要实现机制。各地方政府应借鉴西方国家和我国部分地区的成功经验,创新公民参与方式,建立和完善参与的配套制度,拓展公民...     

生态消费中公众参与的社会学分析

社会公众是生态消费的主体,也是推动生态消费的原动力。不同层次的公众在生态消费中所承担的社会功能有所不同,所以针对不同层次公众参与生态消费的引导和宣传也应有不同侧重。     

公共治理变革中的理性谱系解析

理性的演进构成了公共治理方式变革的内在推动力量.古希腊的哲学理性是理性的原生态,追求的最高价值是正义.古希腊的哲学理性,带来了主要依靠智慧的城邦式公民自主的公共治理方式;中世纪的宗教理性,伴随的是主要依靠信仰的高度集权的公共治理方式;近代以来的科技理性,形成了依靠科学的层级规范的公共治理方式;当代的人文理性,催生了以人为本的多元协商的公共治理方式.人文理性是在更高层次上对古希腊哲学理性的回归,对正义的追求张显了人文理性的核心价值.在我国,要形成以追求正义为核心的公共治理方式,需要进一步深化政治体制改革,用体制正义保证结果正义.其实质就是还权于民,实现权力和权利在公民身上的直接同一.