Group Support Systems,Power, and Influence in an Organization: A Field Study

Emerging group technologies are attracting attention from researchers and practitioners for the benefits they potentially offer in terms of communications, productivity, and decision-making capabilities within an organization. To date, research in this area has focused on process or outcome variables, substantively ignoring organizational context issues. This paper reports on a field study that investigated users' perceptions of the impact of group support systems on power and influence within the organization. The study was conducted within a division of a major U.S. software company specializing in the development of business software tools for desktop PCs. Fifteen purposively selected managers and nonmanagers, spanning diverse functional areas, were extensively interviewed for this study. Evidence gathered suggested that group support systems are perceived to exert an equalizing force on power and influence by (1) increasing participation in the decision-making process, (2) improving access to information, (3) improving access to persons, (4) reducing the “power distance” to key individuals, and (5) providing increased opportunities to influence the opinions of others. These results provide a basis for future studies that will attempt to clarify the relationships between organizational context and group technology usage.     

人力资本结构刍议

人力资本结构主要是人力资本系统各组成部分之间的比例关系和组织状况。它具有多样性、人口属性、外在性、统一性、动态性、相对稳定性和可调控性特性。从宏观经济角度来看,它主要包括投资主体结构、投资效能结构、人口配置结构、产业配置结构和空间结构,各种结构之间是相互联系的,并表现为不同的功能状态。以人力资本结构的研究为起点,制定切实可行的人力资本投资和管理政策来发挥人力资本优势,将对我国的经济发展产生重要影响。     

中国的财政支出与城乡收入差距

 当前我国城乡收入差距正呈现日益扩大的趋势,导致出现这种局面的原因是多方面的,其中,政府的财政投入不足是一个重要方面。但政府增加财政支出是否能有效引导农民收入增长并缩小城乡收入差距呢？我们采用动态面板数据模型和系统广义矩(system-GMM)估计方法的研究表明,这取决于地方政府在追求本地GDP高速增长的政绩最大化条件下,利用自身财政自主权所选择的不同支出结构——在财政分权的背景下,即使财政投入总量增加了,城乡收入差距也未必会缩小,只有倾向于农业投入以及科教文卫支出增加的政府财政支出结构才能有效减轻城乡收入差距。     

股权结构的适度性与公司治理效率

股权结构与公司治理效率存在着密切的关系,在一定条件下,股权结构决定着公司治理结构,适度的股权结构又是影响公司治理效率的决定因素之一。本文从股权结构的适度性角度来考察德美日公司的治理效率,并在此基础上提出了建立有效的公司治理的股权结构适度性模型,从而对转轨时期的中国企业公司治理改革具有一定的参考价值。     

论索绪尔的知识结构和治学精神

在对索绪尔的学术成就和他的知识结构的优势与缺陷的分析的基础上,深入探讨了二者之间的关系,阐述了索绪尔的敢于突破、创新的科学精神和严谨的治学态度。     

Organization Structure from a Loose Coupling Perspective: A Multidimensional Approach*

Organizational theories frequently rely on notions of sharing and dependence among organizational participants, but researchers usually focus on characteristics of the actors themselves instead of the relational patterns among the actors. Loose coupling is one conceptual tool that emphasizes relational patterns. Loose coupling, however, is an abstract metaphor that is simultaneously fertile and ambiguous. This paper develops a rigorous and comprehensive framework that sharpens the theoretical contributions of loose coupling to our understanding of structural relationships. Characteristics of loose coupling capture some important and underexplored features of multidimensional fit and interdependence in organizations. The proposed framework clarifies these theoretical contributions of loose coupling with concepts and equations modified from network analysis. Testable hypotheses are proposed with respect to three key independent variables that may affect patterns of coupling: organization strategy, technology, and environmental turbulence. Additional hypotheses are advanced with respect to the use of the multidimensional approach to loose coupling in studying new organizational forms. Initial psychometric and empirical evidence are presented.     

论提升中国证券市场的结构

经过十多年的发展,中国的证券市场已成为市场经济体系中不可或缺的一部分。但由于历史和制度的原因,目前中国证券市场的结构还存在一些不足,如股票和债券市场的发展失衡、主体结构不合理、中介机构不完善等。这些问题的存在严重制约了证券市场的健康发展。对此,本文提出优化和提升中国证券市场结构的策略和措施。     

社会转型与社会分层结构变迁：理论与问题

文章认为在社会变迁的背景下讨论社会分层结构的变化主要涉及二个主题———社会分层模式的变化及规律和社会不平等的变化及规律。然而,由于现有的研究成果关注的是社会不平等问题,为此,本文就结合有关的中西方理论对中国社会转型过程所发生社会分层结构变迁问题进行一些理论上的探讨。     

金融集聚与产业结构升级关系的实证研究——以甘肃省为例

文章首先利用主成分分析法对甘肃省2001—2012年的金融集聚水平进行测算,结果显示甘肃省金融业存在集聚趋势。随后利用单位根检验、协整检验、误差修正模型以及格兰杰因果关系检验等方法对甘肃省金融集聚水平与产业结构升级之间的关系进行实证研究,结果表明甘肃省金融集聚水平和产业结构升级在长期和短期内都存在均衡关系,但二者之间的因果关系并不明显,金融集聚对产业结构升级的促进作用非常有限。文章最后就如何提高甘肃省的金融集聚水平以促进产业结构升级提出了相应的建议。     

论经济全球化进程中我国经济结构的调整

文章根据经济全球化发展规律,借鉴国外经验,结合中国国情,提出以发展教育产业为核心、以资本国际流动为手段、国际国内市场相统一的经济结构调整思路,发掘我国的经济增长潜力,形成具有弹性的、与国际生产力和世界市场紧密相连的多层次产业结构。