Shy but Getting By? An Examination of the Complex Links Among Shyness,Coping, and Socioemotional Functioning in Childhood

The purpose of the current study was to test a conceptual model of the mediated and moderated associations among shyness, coping strategies, and socioemotional functioning in middle childhood. Participants were 358 children (177 boys) aged 9–13 years (M = 10.16 years, SD =.95). Children completed self‐report assessments of shyness, coping style in response to a social stressor, internalizing problems, and peer difficulties. Among the results, shyness was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and negatively related to perceptions of peer difficulties. However, both of these associations were partially mediated by internalizing coping styles. Moreover, problem‐solving coping moderated these mediated pathways: among children who reported higher levels of problem‐solving coping, the associations between internalizing coping and outcomes were attenuated. Several gender differences also emerged, suggesting that problem‐solving coping may be particularly useful for shy boys. Results are discussed in terms of the complex but potentially critical role of coping in shy children's socioemotional functioning.     

浅析中英文化差异和翻译

本文探讨了中英文化差异对翻译的影响的表现，提出了解决的途径。     

Neuroticism,locus of control,type A behaviour pattern and occupational stress

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual differences in personality and susceptibility to stress in the workplace. Stress in lecturers employed by a computer training organization was assessed by means of self-report and measurement of salivary cortisol output during lecturing and non-lecturing weeks. Neuroticism, Type A behaviour pattern and locus of control were measured. Self-reported stress was found to be much greater during lecturing weeks, but cortisol levels were unaffected by working conditions. There was a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and locus of control and a negative correlation between locus of control and Type A behaviour pattern that approached significance. Multiple regression was employed to explore relations between personality and stress. Subjects with lower neuroticism scores yielded a bigger increase in reported stress, in the lecturing compared with the non-lecturing week, than subjects with high neuroticism scores. Type B subjects showed a progressive decrease in cortisol over the working week while Type A counterparts showed a resurgence of cortisol towards the end of the week. Finally, Type B subjects having an internal locus of control showed a faster decline in cortisol level during the lecturing week than the other subjects. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the importance simultaneously incorporating a variety of individual differences in personality dimensions and stress indices in research designs.     

Evidence-based treatments for trauma among culturally diverse foster care youth: Treatment retention and outcomes

This study describes the implementation of three evidence-based treatments addressing traumatic stress symptoms within a wraparound foster care program in Illinois. Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), and Structured Psychotherapy for Adolescents Responding to Chronic Stress (SPARCS) were implemented with a racially diverse sample of youth ages 3–18 at six agencies. Culturally sensitive adaptations were made to treatment approaches to improve client retention and outcomes. Data analyses revealed no racial differences in retention in the program and no differences in outcomes between minority youth exposed to the intervention and other participants. All three evidence-based treatments were effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning among minority youth. Implementation issues, including challenges and culturally competent accommodations, are discussed.     

论二十世纪我国的汉英语音对比研究

20世纪30年代至40年代,赵元任等学者已经开始对英汉语音的异同进行研究.自那时起,英汉语音对比成了我国英汉语言对比研究的一个重要领域,涉及发音语音学、音位系统构成、语流中的音变、音节、音高体系以及重音和节奏等七个方面,其中绝大部分成果为英语和汉语普通话的语音对比分析,但也有一些成果是对英语和汉语主要方言的比较,个别成果从历时的角度对英汉语音的异同进行了讨论.尽管我们在英汉语音对比方面已经取得了一定的成绩,但依靠实验手段的研究十分不够,生成音系学的汉英对比也尚无人涉足,语音对比的成果推广以及语音对比与语言学其他领域研究的结合更需大大加强.     

中小学生身体、言语和间接欺负的性别差异--中国与英国的跨文化比较

本研究采用修订的Olweus欺负/受欺负问卷对8792名中国中小学生和1061名英国中小学生受到身体、言语以及间接欺负的性别差异进行跨文化比较.结果发现(1)总体上,小学生受到三种形式的欺负的比例均高于初中生;中国中小学中言语与间接欺负的发生率低于英国中小学.(2)无论中国还是英国,男生比女生受到更多的身体欺负.(3)中国小学和初中男生比女生更多地受到言语欺负,英国小学女生则比男生更多地受到言语欺负.(4)中国小学和初中男生比女生更多地受到间接欺负;在英国则相反,无论小学还是初中,女生中间接欺负的发生率均高于男生.     

农村土地两大类承包之异同研究

农村土地承包分为家庭承包和其他方式承包两大类,<农村土地承包法>对两类承包作出了不同的法律规范设计,笔者对两类农村土地承包的相同点14个方面和差异点18个方面进行了比较分析,以便人们准确把握<农村土地承包法>的具体法律规定,更好地指导农村土地承包实际运作,达到维护农村土地承包当事人的合法权益.     

文化导入在英语语言教学中的意义

英汉文化的差异是客观存在的,因此,教师将英语文化有效地导入英语教学中具有十分重要的意义。而明确"文化"的内涵、了解文化导入在英语语言结构层次教学中的作用、掌握文化导入的基本方法将有助于将文化与语言教学有机、有效地结合起来。     

论东西方文化价值哲学观念的殊异与融通——兼谈时代青年人生价值观念之嬗变和定位

对东西方文化价值哲学进行比较研究是时代青年构建正确的人生价值观念的理论前提.中国一个多世纪的现代化历程的教训昭示我们致力于人的主体性的现代化,构建适应社会现代化要求的人的价值观念,必须坚持"综合创新"、"全面发展"、"工具理性"三大方法论原则.中国的传统价值哲学的主旨在于"做人";西方的传统价值哲学的主旨在于"谋事".在"和平"、"发展"潮流占据主导地位的今天,通过"跨文化沟通"以消除历史误会,从而达到"双赢",已成为东西方有识之士的共识.所以,只有学贯中西,坚持走文化会通之路,才能构建起开启历史喜剧、迎接新世纪挑战的正确的人生价值哲学观念.