Ideologised values for British accents1

We report quantitative results from a large online survey of 5010 U.K. informants' reactions to 34 different accents of English, based on simple accent labels. Patterns of accent evaluation, in terms of adjudged levels of prestige, social attractiveness and some other variables, in many regards confirm broad findings from earlier research. Accent‐types associated with ‘standard’ speech are, for example, strongly favoured in the prestige and attractiveness dimensions. Several urban U.K. vernaculars, but not all, are systematically downgraded. On the other hand, robust differences emerge which have not been strongly evidenced previously – particularly differences according to informant gender (with females regularly producing more favourable evaluations) and region (with informants often favouring their own and linked varieties). There are also some important effects by informant age, for example with younger informants attributing less prestige to ‘standard’ accents. We interpret the findings as indicating rather persistent U.K. language‐ideologies around accent difference that are being reconstituted only gradually and in specific regards.     

Gender Bias in the Allocation of Curative Health Care in Minia,Egypt

Research indicates that girls' disadvantage in 1–4 mortality is unusually high inEgypt, yet the relevance of intra-family differences in power for the distributionof health resources is debated. This analysis compares effects of the involvementof various family members on choice of provider, place of care, and total expendituresfor curative care among 129 girls and boys with diarrhea in Minia, Egypt. Girlshave lower odds than boys of visiting doctors versus lay providers and privateversus informal facilities, and the involvement of fathers in prior discussionsabout care may be important to reduce this disparity. Median expenditures forcurative care also are lower for girls than boys, particularly when fathers arenever involved in choice of care. Future research should examine the extent towhich these disparities in care reflect differences in the quality of care received.     

英汉语外来词的差异及其影响

英汉语在各自发展进程中都不断地从别的语言吸收借用词汇。然而，这两种语言在外来词的数量、借用范围和吸收同化能力等方面存在着较大的差异。文章从两种传统文化心理、地理环境和历史背景以及语言文字类型等方面分析了产生差异的原因，讨论了外来词语对英汉语的影响。     

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Experiencing Parents’ Marital Disruption During Late Adolescence

Using panel data from 9,252 adolescents in the National Education Longitudinal Study, this study finds that among children who experience parents’ marital disruption during late adolescence, European, Asian, and African American adolescents exhibit wider and greater maladjustment both before and after the disruption than their Hispanic American counterparts. This finding lends general support to the hypothesis of prevalence of disadvantages, although it is less consistent with the hypothesis of prevalence of divorce. Moreover, whereas Asian American adolescents in predisrupted families are more vulnerable to a shortage of family social resources, their African American peers are affected more by a shortage of financial/human resources. Finally, postdisruption effects on non‐Hispanic American adolescents are either completely or partially attributable to predisruption factors.     

非英语专业本科生英语学习动机差异性调查

采用问卷调查形式，对扬州大学不同专业、不同英语水平的本科生进行了动机差异性的抽样调查。采用SPSS统计分析工具对数据进行因子分析得出6大类动机类型，并用单因素方差分析法和EXCEL分析了较高、中等和较低三类英语水平学生在各动机类型上的差异及其英语学习的态度和需求，从而为英语教学提供一定的参考。     

从俄汉民族文化看亲属称谓词的差异

俄汉亲属称谓词在区分宗族与非宗族、血亲与姻亲、父系与母系以及长幼辈分、面称、泛化、派生词等方面存在着明显的差异。造成这种差异的原因主要是俄汉两民族宗法发展水平不同,生育观和生育数量不同,以及文化观念和社会结构等不同。     

非英语专业大学生感知学习风格研究

文章通过问卷调查,运用定量分析的方法研究了非英语专业本科生英语学习的感知风格的总体趋势以及文科生与理工科生的风格差异,通过实验的方法了解网络教学与传统教学背景下的学习风格的差异,旨在发现教学手段对学习风格的影响程度,并且对目前的大学英语教学改革提出了建设性的意见。     

NPV与IRR评价互斥方案结论差异的原因分析

NPV和IRR指标用于评价多个互斥项目时,评价结论可能不一致。财务管理、成本会计理论通常认为其原因在于项目净收益的再投资收益率假设不同。证明二者不一致的原因并非再投资收益率假设之不同,而是由于总量指标和比率指标所致。     

我国对外贸易的地区差异及区域贸易战略

本文利用因子分析的方法,研究了我国31个省区的有形贸易,针对我国31个省区的对外贸易水平,采用对外贸易总额、增长比率、进出口商品结构、不同贸易方式下出口总值及增长率、不同性质企业的出口总值及增长率等28个指标,对对外贸易省区进行分类,并对它们的特征、形成原因等进行了分析。在此基础上根据比较优势原理,对区域性对外贸易战略进行了研究。     

激活优势:家长主义浪潮下家长参与的群体差异

基于对同一城区两个初中班级的跟踪调查，本文考察了中国家长参与的特征以及不同群体在适应上的差异。文章发现，通过资源激活、能力塑造和责任伦理，城区学校在新的教育情势下建构起有关家长参与的话语。家长参与在学校空间的公共事务上发育缓慢，在家庭空间的私人事务上却发展迅猛，不同群体之间差异较大。基于参与意识、参与能力和参与行为的差异，不同群体的家长参与表现为：外来务工群体被唤起教育失败者的经验，采用被动应对的策略；城市普通工薪群体激发出难以胜任的经验，采用模仿依循的策略；中产群体则激活出教育成功者的经验，采用主动建构的策略。由此，家校之间成为阶层运作的重要场域空间。