中美婚姻伦理差异研究

中美两国不同的经济发展水平和文化传统使两国的婚姻伦理存在差异。在婚姻的选择上中国家庭注重整体利益,美国家庭则注重个人情感。这体现在中美两国不同的婚姻前提条件和婚姻决定权上。婚后,夫妻关系成为婚姻伦理的主要部分,中国夫妻的关系较为密切,而美国夫妻即使关系再亲密双方也会保持一定的独立性,这与两国夫妻不同的家庭地位和相处模式密切相关。中美两国的离婚率和离婚原因反映出当婚姻出现问题时,中国家庭会本着"从一而终"的观念尽力挽回,而美国家庭则是用"顺其自然"的态度面对。     

文化差异对国际商务交流活动的影响

通过讨论在不同文化环境下,国际商务活动呈现的差异,从微观的角度分析文化差异在人际交流、商务洽谈、管理风格、商务决策和企业结构等方面对国际商务交流的影响。     

英汉习语的民族文化特点探源

习语作为一种特殊的语言形式,是人民大众口头上习用的定型词组或短句。它们是相沿已久、约定俗成、具有完整而独特意义的词语。英汉两个民族在长期的劳动中创作了大量的习语,但由于民族文化的不同,使用亦不同。通过比较英汉两个民族在地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、历史典故等几个方面的文化差异来探讨英汉习语之间的民族文化特点。     

Why do Asian Americans academically outperform Whites? – The cultural explanation revisited

We advocate an interactive approach to examining the role of culture and SES in explaining Asian Americans' achievement. We use Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) 2002 baseline data to test our proposition that the cultural orientation of Asian American families is different from that of white American families in ways that mediate the effects of family SES on children's academic achievement. The results support our hypothesis, indicating that: (1) SES's positive effects on achievement are stronger among white students than among Asian-Americans; (2) the association between a family's SES and behaviors and attitudes is weaker among Asian-Americans than among Whites; (3) a fraction of the Asian-White achievement gap can be accounted for by ethnic differences in behaviors and attitudes, particularly ethnic differences in family SES's effects on behaviors and attitudes. We find that Asian Americans’ behaviors and attitudes are less influenced by family SES than those of Whites are and that this difference helps generate Asians’ premium in achievement. This is especially evident at lower levels of family SES.     

Racial diversity, minority concentration, and trust in Canadian urban neighborhoods

Using a sample of 42,329 respondents nested within 4254 Canadian urban neighborhoods, this study demonstrates the conceptual and empirical importance of making a distinction between neighborhood racial diversity and minority concentration, and examines how each is uniquely associated with trust. Our analysis shows that at a given level of racial minority concentration, Whites are more trusting when their minority neighbors are more evenly distributed across racial minority groups. Meanwhile, Whites are less trusting as the neighborhood share of racial minorities increases. Overall, the effect of racial minority concentration tends to prevail over that of racial diversity.     

霍夫斯戴德的文化价值理论

荷兰文化学者吉尔特·霍夫斯戴德教授的跨文化研究理论,总结了反映民族文化差异和价值观念的五个独立维度,并且计算出了五十多个国家和地区在这五个维度上的量值,基本上描绘了一个民族的文化特征,从而揭示了不同文化之间量的差异性。     

存异与靠拢——东南亚华文文学发展中的一种趋势

随着时间的流逝,东南亚的华人社会发生了多元变化;东南亚华文作家的创作心态也发生了变化.在较具规模的当代转型中,可以发现许多新的气象:土生、土长的华裔作家,以极具冲击力的方式"闪亮登场",形成一种"新人"与"老人"、华裔作家与华人作家"同台共舞"的新格局.由于多种原因,华裔作家与华人作家的文学取向,异中有同、同中有异;但是,就谋求作为所在国少数族群文学的生存、发展权利与质量,进而以谋求作为所在国少数族群文化的生存、发展权利与质量而言,二者则具有充分的共同性.     

Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Background Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods Data source was a nationwide survey “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” (AVTK), from years 2002 to 2003 (N = 5425; response rate 66%). Psychological distress was measured by self-reported questions of general mental health (MHI-5), depression, insomnia and stress. Socio-demographic factors included education, employment status, partnership and children living in the household. Main analyses were conducted by multivariate logistic regression. Results Education, employment and partnership were associated with most of the psychological distress outcomes. Respondents with a lower educational level had poor mental health in both genders but less insomnia and stress in men. Those with an intermediate education had the least stress in women. The unemployed and retired were at a higher risk for poor mental health and depression. Moreover, employment status was associated with insomnia and stress in men. Respondents not having a partner showed a higher risk of psychological distress according to all measures. Not having children living in the household was associated with insomnia in women and with less stress in men. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors, such as having a partner and employment status, are associated with several measures of psychological distress indicating the importance of social and economic factors to psychological well-being. The association of education and of having children living at home varies by the domain of psychological distress measure.     

五四新文化运动与欧洲文艺复兴运动比较

五四新文化运动与欧洲文艺复兴运动生成于不同时期,植根于不同土壤,二者既有一些共同之处,又有不少差异。对其进行比较,有助于加深我们对两个运动各自特性的认识。其共同点是：（一）对传统的批判与重建;（二）倡导文学革命;（三）抨击封建权威思想;（四）呼唤人性的复苏,倡导个人的解放。其不同点是：（一）背景不同;（二）影响力不同;（三）带来的后果不同。     

西部大开发论略

东、西部经济差距形成的原因有自然地理因素,也有社会政治因素,后者主要指国 家发展战略的影响、产业结构和所有制结构方面的不同和人员素质等软环境的差异。中国实 施西部大开发战略,既是为了实现振兴农业、缓解基础产业、扶持战略产业的经济目标,也 是为了实现能够体现社会主义本质特征的政治目标,又是能够扩大我国经济与军事战略纵深 ,突破反华围堵,争取长期主动的战略部署。西部开发成功的关键是注重人力资源的开发和 人力资本的积累,进行科技创新和制度创新,借新经济之风,鼓西部开发之帆;走传统开发 之路,只能是事倍功半。