两个版本系统两个尤三姐形象

尤三姐是《红楼梦》中一个比较重要的人物形象。由于《红楼梦》在版本上有“脂本”、“程本”两大不同系统 ,不同版本系统中的尤三姐的艺术形象也就有很大不同。对此 ,红学史上是有争议的 ,但是争论者往往各执一词 ,常常出现片面和偏激。平心而论 ,两个尤三姐形象的塑造 ,其实各有所短 ,亦各有所长 ,人们不应该轻易肯定或否定。然而如果认真比较分析 ,就尤三姐形象的悲剧意义和可信程度而言 ,笔者认为“脂本”系统高于“程本”系统。     

文采风流今尚存——曹雪芹氏族文化研究提纲

为纪念曹雪芹逝世240周年，应当对这位特立独出的中国伟大小说家在以往研究的基础上作出新的审视和理解。本文认为，曹雪芹的文学成就并非个人的才华所至，而是一种氏族文化特色的丰厚积累的高层造诣。本文即以此为出发点，提出应从氏族文化的角度纵观弘览，方能认识曹雪芹的才华、造诣是一种三千年的中华文化珍贵积累；若将他“孤立”起来，把《红楼梦》视为一个“个体”的一时的偶然的文艺产物，必致失于肤浅甚至走样失实。本文从周初武王克商为始，以“诗礼簪缨”为表现为脉络，论证了曹氏自周初至明末的曹姓氏族文化概貌、文化特点，抉示了他们的“门风”“世德”——即曹雪芹开卷即特笔标出的“诗礼簪缨”之族的具体历史内容及其意义，从而显示了《红楼梦》是中华文化小说这一命题的实义。     

20世纪脂砚斋研究综述

脂砚斋、畸笏叟等评点家是曹雪芹的有关亲人,他们非常熟悉曹雪芹的生活和《红楼梦》的原始素材及创作过程。因此,研究脂砚斋已成为《红楼梦》研究的一个重要组成部分。20世纪学术界对脂砚斋、畸笏叟是谁,他们究竟是一个人还是两个人,以及他们的政治思想、现实主义文学观、典型观、技法论及其他相关问题作了多方面的研究,取得不少成绩,井成为新世纪研究《红楼梦》的基础之一。总结上个世纪的脂砚斋研究,会对新世纪的《红楼梦》研究提供借鉴。     

红学研究需要平常心

对《红楼梦》研究的评价需要平常心态 ,在《红楼梦》研究中“索隐派”与“自传说”的出现是有传统思维及研究者心理作为依据的 ;今后的“红学”研究应以文本为主 ,同样需要平常心态 ,藉以感悟人生、增长才智     

《〈红楼梦〉评论》中的小说批评方法

王国维在小说批评方面的代表作是《〈红楼梦〉评论》。其中运用的进化的文学史、严格的逻辑推理、艺术的审美理论为近代小说批评方法提供了借鉴     

从俞平伯晚年自省和“李希凡自述”想到的(之三)——回应俞平伯晚年的红学研究反思

俞平伯先生晚年的红学自省是真实可信的,应引起红学界高度重视,他的红学研究思想的重大变化同1954年那场对他的批评有内在的因果关系。对当年那场"批俞评红"不能全盘否定,不能只讲负面问题,全面否定其正确性和必要性。现在红学研究的一些乱象正是当年批判过了的错误研究思想、研究方法的泛滥。这种泛滥同对当年的全盘否定不无关系。     

Communicating Conservation Status: How Different Statistical Assessment Criteria Affect Perceptions of Extinction Risk

Although alternative forms of statistical and verbal information are routinely used to convey species’ extinction risk to policymakers and the public, little is known about their effects on audience information processing and risk perceptions. To address this gap in literature, we report on an experiment that was designed to explore how perceptions of extinction risk differ as a function of five different assessment benchmarks (Criteria A–E) used by scientists to classify species within IUCN Red List risk levels (e.g., Critically Endangered, Vulnerable), as well as the role of key individual differences in these effects (e.g., rational and experiential thinking styles, environmental concern). Despite their normative equivalence within the IUCN classification system, results revealed divergent effects of specific assessment criteria: on average, describing extinction risk in terms of proportional population decline over time (Criterion A) and number of remaining individuals (Criterion D) evoked the highest level of perceived risk, whereas the single‐event probability of a species becoming extinct (Criterion E) engendered the least perceived risk. Furthermore, participants scoring high in rationality (analytic thinking) were less prone to exhibit these biases compared to those low in rationality. Our findings suggest that despite their equivalence in the eyes of scientific experts, IUCN criteria are indeed capable of engendering different levels of risk perception among lay audiences, effects that carry direct and important implications for those tasked with communicating about conservation status to diverse publics.     

论现代性视域中红色资源的整合与转化

随着社会生活和人们思想观念的深刻变迁,主要形成于革命战争时期的红色资源在一定程度上面临着被边缘化的危险趋势。要扭转这一趋势,使红色资源在当代发挥其应有的社会文化功能,就必须在现代性视域中深入分析导致其边缘化的社会文化根源,并从而在此基础对其进行符合时代要求的整合与转化。与此同时,还须进一步明确红色资源的传承与弘扬主体,以发挥其重要的示范带头作用。     

The Profound Connotation of Ode to Fairy Disenchantment and Cao Xueqin＇s Complex of the Chu Style Poems

关于《红楼梦》中《警幻仙姑赋》的争议历来颇多。它与曹植的《洛神赋》在文字表达等方面有太多相似之处。从挖掘《洛神赋》背后的深意入手,可最终得出这样的结论：对残酷现实的情感宣泄以及人生理想的幻灭是曹雪芹效仿《洛神赋》的根本目的,更是创作《警幻仙姑赋》的深层动机;同时《警幻仙姑赋》在体裁选择及写作手法上所体现出的＂师楚＂情结,也使《警幻仙姑赋》的悲剧意味得以进一步延伸和升华。     

A general class of test statistics for Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis

Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis states that within a homogeneous taxonomic group the age is statistically independent of the rate of extinction. The case of the Red Queen hypothesis being addressed here is when the homogeneous taxonomic group is a group of similar species. Since Van Valen's work, various statistical approaches have been used to address the relationship between taxon age and the rate of extinction. We propose a general class of test statistics that can be used to test for the effect of age on the rate of extinction. These test statistics allow for a varying background rate of extinction and attempt to remove the effects of other covariates when assessing the effect of age on extinction. No model is assumed for the covariate effects. Instead we control for covariate effects by pairing or grouping together similar species. Simulations are used to compare the power of the statistics. We apply the test statistics to data on Foram extinctions and find that age has a positive effect on the rate of extinction. A derivation of the null distribution of one of the test statistics is provided in the supplementary material.