Jack Michael,Behavior Analyst

Jack Michael was the quintessential behavior analyst. Despite his reputation as a theoretician and expert in verbal behavior and on Skinner’s book Verbal Behavior, Jack was actually an applied behavior analyst in the literal sense before anyone had coined the term. Prior to becoming one of Jack’s doctoral students at Western Michigan University, I was a behavior-analytic neophyte. After I graduated and began my own teaching (modeled after Jack’s behavior-analytic method of teaching) and thinking and writing about behavior analysis, I found myself talking and thinking like Jack. He had a similar behavior changing effect not only on many of his other students, but also on others who had the good fortune to know him.     

基于计划行为理论的核电接受度模型研究

核电技术作为一种争议性的技术,具有利益和风险并存的特点,因此,核电技术的顺利发展需要以民众的接受度为基础,并且对计划行为理论(TPB)进行改造,对核电接受度模型进行研究是很有必要的.研究表明:信任度、主观规范和感知行为控制对行为意愿的影响都很显著,其中信任度的影响度最高.民众对核电技术的利益感知和风险感知均能显著影响民众的信任度和行为意愿,但对于风险的谨慎要远胜于其对于利益的期望.     

也谈刑法因果关系的正确认定

因果关系理论是当今世界刑法的一大难题，因此一直是刑法学理论研究领域争议颇多的问题，近年来，我国刑法学者也尝试从另外一些角度来研究该问题，并且取得了一定的成效。本文也力图从分析刑法因果关系的几个特点入手，以期正确认定刑法因果关系。     

Toward working hypotheses of effective management: Conditions,thought processes,and behaviors

The purpose of this article is to develop a set of working hypotheses about the conditions, thought processes, and behaviors that define managerial effectiveness. The Deacon and Firebaugh model of managerial behavior is extended to form the basis for the hypotheses developed. The overall hypothesis is that differences in managerial effectiveness are specifically linked to the timing, completion, frequency, and duration of particular thoughts and actions performed by the manager that are focused on the allocation of resources to meet value-based goals and events. If it is assumed that meeting demands is an appropriate measure of managerial effectiveness, then validation of the hypotheses, the next logical step, can occur by correlating the conditions, processes, and behaviors thought to represent managerial effectiveness with objective and subjective measures of demand responses.An earlier version of this paper was discussed at the annual meeting of North Central Region Project 116, Family Resource Management, April 20–21, 1982, Columbus, OH.Deanna L. Sharpe is Assistant Professor, Department of Consumer Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487. Her research interests are focused on the effective allocation and use of time and money through the family life cycle. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University in 1988.Mary Winter is Professor, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. Her research interests include family resource management in the U. S. and Mexico. She received her Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University in 1970.     

中国国有企业和中外合资企业中的领导风格及异化:比较与启示

本文是一项对中国国有企业与中外合资企业的比较研究,我们用组织行为学和人力资源管理中的两个重要指标——领导风格和异化来比较两类企业的管理和社会效益。对相关企业员工所回答的问卷的统计分析显示出国有企业和中外合资企业不同的领导风格和员工异化状态,文章讨论了差别的原因及其对于国有企业管理变革的启示。     

基于客户消费行为细分的营销决策分析

客户细分基础上的营销决策日益凸现其重要性,在实际应用中客户细分的标准多以企业产品、客户地区分布、客户特征等居多,而以客户消费行为作为细分标准的还比较少见。我国的移动通信市场正在向管制条件下的充分竞争状态发展,企业的营销能力越来越成为运营商竞争的利器。本文建立了一个基于客户消费行为细分的营销决策模型,根据作者长期的行业经验,以湖南移动作为案例具体应用了该模型,取得了有意义的结论,这说明该方法能够为企业的营销决策者提供一种新的思考问题的视角。     

边界人员角色模糊及其结果:管理控制及其与角色导向匹配的作用

不同于以往研究的企业内部视角,本文聚焦于渠道关系中边界人员的角色模糊问题,实证检验了不同管理控制方式及其与边界人员角色导向的匹配对边界人员角色模糊感知的影响,同时检验了边界人员角色模糊对工作绩效和关系满意的影响。研究发现,结果控制与行为控制都会减少边界人员角色模糊。管理者的结果控制与朋友角色导向的边界人员相匹配,有利于减少角色模糊。角色模糊不利于提升边界人员的工作绩效和关系满意。在此基础上,对研究结果及理论意义进行了讨论,并给出相应的管理建议和未来研究方向。     

Indirect interactions in aphid–parasitoid communities

Indirect interactions between populations of different species can be important in structuring natural communities. Indirect effects are either mediated by changes in population densities (trophic or density-mediated effects) or by changes in the behavior of species that are not trophically connected (behavioral or trait-mediated effects). We reviewed the literature on aphids and their parasitoids to explore the various possible indirect interactions that can occur in such communities. The review was motivated by our study of a particular aphid–parasitoid community in a natural (i.e., nonagricultural) habitat, and by the wealth of information that exists about aphid–parasitoid systems in agricultural settings. We focused our review on aphid–parasitoid interactions, but considered how these were influenced by the other aphid natural enemies and also by aphid mutualists and host plants. We conclude that indirect effects are likely to have a major effect in structuring aphid–parasitoid communities, and that the latter are a valuable model system for testing ideas about community interactions. Received: December 20, 1998 / Accepted: January 12, 1999     

个案工作在预防中学生言语欺凌行为中的应用

在校园生活中，中学生之间的言语欺凌行为并不罕见，在某种程度上，言语欺凌行为对中学生带来的伤害并不比肢体欺凌的小，甚至会留下永久的心理阴影，对其今后的成长会造成严重的影响。就中学生言语欺凌行为的现状来看，言语欺凌行为既受社会认知、个体情绪、人格特征等个体因素的制约，也受家庭、校园、社会以及情境等环境因素的影响，其中，个体因素是最主要的因素。个案工作方法中的行为治疗模式对预防中学生言语欺凌行为有着积极的作用。     

改进样本代表性的多目标追加平衡设计

本文主要讨论样本代表性的改进和多目标调查两个问题。一,本文提出了一种新的改进样本代表性多目标抽样方法,增加样本量与调整样本结构相结合的方法-追加样本的平衡设计,即通过追加样本,使得补充的样本与原来的样本组合生成新的平衡样本,相对于初始样本,减少样本与总体的结构性偏差。平衡样本是指辅助变量总量的霍维茨汤普森估计量等于总体总量真值。二,平衡样本通过选择与多个目标参数相关的辅助变量,使得一套样本对不同的目标参数而言都具有良好的代表性,进而完成多目标调查。结合2010年第六次人口分县普查数据,通过选择多个目标参数,对追加样本后的平衡样本作事后评估结果表明,追加平衡设计能够有效改进样本结构,使得样本结构与总体结构相近,降低目标估计的误差;同时也说明平衡抽样设计能够实现多目标调查,提高样本的使用效率。