资本市场参与主体的伦理选择

资本市场由上市公司、投资者、中介机构、监管部门四主体构成,各主体在市场中的相互依存度非常高,任何一个主体的行为都不只是关乎自身、同时还影响着相对人的利益和市场的整体功能。在共生共存的资本市场中,各主体不仅需要从自身利益出发,充分发挥各自的潜能,更需要在较高的伦理道德基础上秉承公平、正义、诚信、善良等伦理原则,顾及到其他主体的利益以及整个市场的健康有序发展。     

中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向研究——基于TPB视角

本文运用大样本问卷调研法,基于TPB视角重点分析消费者的伦理购买决策机制,旨在考察中国情景下影响消费者伦理购买意向的深层次因素。研究结果发现,行为态度、主观规范与感知行为控制会显著影响消费者的伦理购买行为意向,其中主观规范是购买意向最有影响的预测变量,表明中国情景下消费者在进行伦理购买决策时更倾向于遵从社会规范的影响;进一步感知行为控制不仅直接显著作用于伦理购买意向,还通过行为态度对伦理购买意向产生间接的重要影响,表明在中国情景下如何真正提高消费者伦理购物时的感知行为控制程度是企业实施伦理营销时面临的关键性问题。总体而言,本文结果表明,修正后的计划行为理论对中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向能够进行有效地解释与预测,说明计划行为理论具有良好的跨文化适应性。最后,本文为中国企业伦理营销战略的实施提供重要建议。     

企业非市场与市场行为及其竞争特点对企业绩效的影响研究

随着我国企业步入激烈的动态竞争时代,企业的成功不仅依赖于产品和服务、分销渠道、供应链、价格等市场行为,也依赖于企业与政府、社会公众以及各种利益相关者之间的关系等非市场行为.本文首先提出了一个企业非市场、市场行为(或回应)及其竞争特点与企业绩效关系的理论模型及其相关假设,然后以2004年至2006年我国钢铁、汽车、医药、日化、电力和电信等六个行业中的30家企业的非市场与市场行为为样本,通过结构内容分析方法对有关企业竞争行为新闻报道的编码数据进行处理和信效度检验,接着在对各种非市场与市场行为频数统计和独立样本T检验的基础上,运用回归方程模型进一步分别检验了非市场与市场行为及其竞争特点对企业绩效的影响.最后,本文将研究结果与中国企业现实情况进行了相互对照,并提出了研究结论和相关启示.     

消费者低碳消费行为的心理归因和政策干预路径:一个基于扎根理论的探索性研究

引导消费者的生活方式和消费模式转向低能耗、低污染、低排放的方向是当前一个重大课题。然而,消费者为什么会实行低碳消费行为模式(即低碳消费行为归自何种心理)?如何促进和引导消费者的低碳消费行为(即低碳消费行为如何才能持续)?对于这两个关键性问题目前还缺乏深度的研究。本文通过深度访谈,应用扎根理论这一探索性技术探究低碳消费行为的深层次心理归因(解决第一个问题)及相应的政策干预路径(解决第二个问题)。研究发现,个体心理意识、社会参照规范两个主范畴是低碳消费行为的内部和社会心理归因。但它们对于低碳消费行为的促成机理并不一致:个体提高心理意识产生相应的低碳消费行为,这归于认知性学习范畴;个体观察参照群体的消费模式及其结果产生特定的低碳消费行为,这归于观察性学习范畴。不同心理控制源的个体(内控型还是外控型)之间也存在一定的差异。低碳传播沟通和情境结构变革两个主范畴是低碳消费行为的政策干预变量,且它们是相互补充、相互配合的。通过传播沟通影响个体心理意识、社会参照规范,通过情境结构变革影响低碳消费行为的成本收益结构成为主要的政策干预路径。这些研究结论可以为政府制定有效的干预政策,为引导消费者的消费行为模式提供理论基础和政策借鉴...     

持股周期与股票盈利:来自中国A股市场的证据

价值投资是格雷厄姆经典投资理论的基本特征之一,坚持价值投资是投资者在股市中盈利的前提,但现实中我国投资者亏多赢少,可能的原因是投机心理导致的非理性行为。我国个人投资者持股周期普遍较短这一重要特征为该问题的研究提供了检验。本文基于我国股票市场个人投资者的微观调查数据,研究了个人投资者的持股周期对其股票盈利的影响,研究结果表明:与其他投资者相比,平均持股周期短的投资者在股市中更难盈利。可能的影响机制是持股周期短的投资者投资组合的多元化程度不足,导致盈利的可能性较低。异质性分析表明,前述作用机制在投资经验欠缺、可投资资产不足、跟风操作的投资者群体中表现得更为明显。本文的研究结论为个人投资者坚持长期投资和价值投资理念提供了经验证据。     

我国青年对婚前性行为的社会态度分析

通过分析我国近 10年有关青年婚前性行为态度的调查数据 ,发现我国青年对婚前性行为的态度呈现出越来越开放的趋势。这种趋势受到社会文化变迁、经济发展水平、受教育程度以及大众传播媒介等各种因素的影响。青年开放的性态度昭示了青年性教育的迫切性。     

Socioeconomic Risk in Development of Energy Systems

A soft mathematical model, taking stock of the stochastic and cooperative features of the economy of thinking in the decision making, is aggregated to unveil hidden connections between energy policy and the energy technology choices of an establishment. Starting from several assumptions on the nature of the collective decisional behavior, one obtains a probabilistic interpretation of the mechanism of penetration of energy technologies. The probability that the establishment bets on a certain technological profile is given as a solution to a Fokker-Planck equation accounting for the decision game. It provides a topological variety that accomodates possible states of the system and their trajectories, and indicates ways in which different attractors drive the technology choice in the space of the energy policy.
In this framework, a series of concepts (i.e., logistic evolution, resilience, stability, risks of disruption or crisis, energy security) can find in a natural way strikingly intuitive interpretations. Strategic games are possible on this ground, confirming facts of life and also showing predictive power. The complex and difficult to manage interdependence between energy policy and technology appears as a challenge to the long-term planning of alternative energy systems. To meet the challenge, preparedness for changes through a large freedom of choice on the technological options appears as a necessary complement to the faithful observance of the market drives, which stresses the importance of having available perceptive, coherent, reliable, and responsible mechanisms of decision making.     

Security level,potential level,expected utility: A three-criteria decision model under risk

Among the violations of expected utility (E.U.) theory which have been observed by experimenters, the violations of its independence axiom is, by far, the most common. It seems that, in many cases, these inconsistencies can be ascribed to the desire for security - called the security factor by L. Lopes (1986) - which makes people attach special importance to the worst outcomes of risky decisions as well as to the sole outcomes of riskless decisions (certainty effect). J.-Y. Jaffray (1988) has proposed a model which generalizes E.U. theory by taking into account this factor and is then able to account for certain violations. However, especially in experiments on choice involving prospective losses, violations of the von Neumann-Morgenstern independence axiom cannot be explained by the security factor alone and have to be partially ascribed to the potential factor (L. Lopes, 1986) which reflects heightened attention to the best outcomes of decisions, especially when the best outcome is the status quo. In this paper, we construct an axiomatic model for subjects taking into account simultaneously or alternatively the security factor and the potential factor. For this, as in Jaffray's model, it has been necessary to weaken not only the standard independence axiom but also the continuity axiom and, in the same time, to reinforce the dominance axiom. In the resulting model, choices are partially determined by the mere comparison of the (security level, potential level) (i.e. the (worst outcome, best outcome)) pairs offered, and completed by the maximization of an affine function of the expected utility, the coefficients of which depend on both the security level and potential level.In this model, a decision maker who (i) has constant marginal utility for money, (ii) is sensitive to the security factor alone in the domain of gains, (iii) is sensitive to the potential factor alone in the domain of losses, behaves as a risk averter for gains and a risk seeker for losses.     

农户化肥减量施用意向影响因素及其效应分解——基于VBN-TPB的实证分析

根据价值-信念-规范理论和计划行为理论,基于粮食主产区山东省549户农户调研数据,采用结构方程模型分析农户耕地化肥减量施用行为意向影响因素及其效应分解。结果表明：农户化肥减量施用价值感知显著正向影响其行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制,显著负向影响其责任归属;行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和责任归属均显著促进行为意向,其中知觉行为控制促进作用最大。效应分解上,主观规范对行为意向的直接正效应大于其通过责任归属的间接正效应;价值感知对责任归属的直接负效应大于其通过主观规范的间接正效应。多群组分析结果表明,兼业程度和耕地规模调节变量在不同假设路径中的影响存在较大差异。随着兼业程度的增加,价值感知对行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制的正向作用均大致呈逐渐上升态势,而随着耕地经营规模的扩大,价值感知的正向作用则呈减小态势。对化肥减量施用行为意向的影响方面,兼业程度分组中,责任归属对纯农户的影响最大、主观规范对III兼农户的影响最大、知觉行为控制对II兼农户的影响最大;耕地规模分组中,责任归属和知觉行为控制对中等规模农户的影响最大。     

农户农药施用行为变迁的社会学考察---基于我国6省6村的实证研究

通过对我国农户农药施用行为变迁的整个历史过程进行社会学考察发现,农药知识通过“抗”的学问成为了病态农作物的“治病良方”,并成功地构建起了稳固的话语空间和确立了话语地位。另外,农药知识话语在通过设置“求知”的陷阱把农户纳入到话语空间的同时,还导致他们在此空间中彻底失语。此外,农药知识还通过“绿色”新身份的转变把农户塑造成了农药污染和农药残留问题的制造者。总之,农药推广和应用的最终目的是推进农业现代化的发展进程,而农户的身体和精神则都成为了它的控制对象,这就是农药知识话语的构建逻辑。最后重点指出农业生产利润也被农药知识话语所构建起的制度化结构进行了分割和攫取,因此,农户的致富路径则远在技术之外。