Rhetoric and Reality of Economic Self-sufficiency Among Rural,Low-Income Mothers: A Longitudinal Study

This study examined the contributions of maternal labor force participation and marital status on economic self-sufficiency over time for rural mothers. Data were from 174 rural families participating in three waves of data collection in Rural Families Speak. χ ² and multiple logistic regression were utilized. Results revealed only one-third of mothers moved toward economic self-sufficiency over three years. Maternal education, employment status, and weekly work hours were associated with improved economic well-being. Compared to single-parent families, unmarried-couple and married-couple families had increased odds of improving economically. In an analysis of all mothers with partners, married or unmarried, martial status was not significant in economic improvement. Findings suggest the role of marriage in welfare reform for rural families should be reconsidered.

The importance of systems thinking,context, and inclusion when studying the feasibility of expanding the FoodShare (SNAP) outreach program to rural communities of Northern Wisconsin

Evaluators often neglect to question whether a program has been appropriately designed for a new context prior to a feasibility study’s commencement. In this paper, we document the results of a case study that closely examined context when determining the feasibility of implementing a FoodShare outreach program in rural northern Wisconsin. Using community-based participatory mixed methods, we examine how stakeholder engagement led to both study refinement and a more comprehensive understanding of community food security based on contextual factors and systems thinking. Lessons learned when conducting feasibility studies from this perspective are provided to improve evaluation practice.     

试论农村环境保护中公众参与现状与提升策略

农民在农村环境保护中公众参与不足,总体体现为被动参与状态。这归因于农民在观念上欠缺整体性的认识,环境权利意识薄弱,农村环保公众参与的法律规定不明晰等。将农民的公众参与由被动化为主动有三大策略,包括健全农村公众参与环境保护的法律法规,提高农民的环境权利意识;加强环境信息公开,激发农民参与环境保护的主观能动性;发展农村环境保护的社会组织,丰富公众参与渠道等。     

农村女性流动打工经历对其家庭经济地位的影响

本文利用调查数据,对是否外出打工及不同类型打工地的农村女性家庭经济地位差异进行对比,考查在资源因素与文化规范变迁的多重影响下,不同的打工经历对农村女性家庭经济地位的影响及其发展变化。     

多重边缘者：基于对D村光棍群体社会地位的考察

本文将光棍群体放在村落共同体转型背景下进行理解后发现,光棍群体社会地位低下,处于村落社区末端,他们在家庭内部、人情交往、公共生活和政治参与四个层面均被村落社区完全排斥在外,从而处于多重边缘地位。改善光棍群体的社会地位需要关注他们的生活质量以及加强村落共同体内部的组织建设。     

农村女性人口流动的约束机制——社会性别视角分析

本文构建了"嵌入式"研究框架,以农村女性劳动力流动特征为出发点,从社会性别视角探讨隐含的深层约束机制及作用途径,认为个人素质差异属于条件性因素,直接约束了女性流动的选择,而宏观层面的传统社会性别规范通过家庭和劳动力市场中观层面发挥影响,是约束的根源所在,在此基础上提出了突破约束的基本思路.     

小城镇发展与农村剩余劳动力转移

当前 ,我国农村剩余劳动力约在 2亿左右 ,农村剩余劳动力的转移 ,已经成为关系到改革开放和我国现代化建设全局的重大问题。通过分析农村剩余劳动力转移的现状及其制约因素 ,可以看出发展小城镇是解决农村剩余劳动力转移的根本途径。     

关于我国“民工荒”与农民工福利待遇的探讨

2004年前后在我国珠三角等地出现了"民工荒"现象,这是否意味着我国农村劳动力乡-城迁移已经接近尾声,从而农村实现土地规模化经营的时机已经成熟?本文根据托达罗模型,利用成本-收益分析法,提出这是农民进城务工收入与务农收入之间差距缩小导致的农村劳动力做出的非迁移决策.并探讨了设置农民工福利项目对劳动力市场和企业雇佣成本的影响.     

浦东农村集体建设用地流转研究

当前,浦东集体建设用地低效、闲置和浪费现象比较普遍,资产价值尚未真正体现,尤其是乡镇工业用地聚集度低,布局分散,点多规模小,建筑密度和容积率低;工业产出率不高,厂房、场地闲置严重。通过集体建设用地的流转,实施土地二次开发,可以有效利用存量用地,盘活土地资源。要通过确权登记发证,进一步理清产权界限,避免产权主体虚置与权能重叠;建立合理的收益分配机制,确保农民利益;加快相关财政体制衔接．保障流转工作有序推进。     

Comparing two survey methods for estimating maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Cambodia

PURPOSE: We need solid estimates of maternal mortality rates (MMR) to monitor the impact of maternal care programs. Cambodian health authorities and WHO report the MMR in Cambodia at 450 per 100,000 live births. The figure is drawn from surveys where information is obtained by interviewing respondents about the survival of all their adult sisters (sisterhood method). The estimate is statistically imprecise, 95% confidence intervals ranging from 260 to 620/100,000. The MMR estimate is also uncertain due to under-reporting; where 80-90% of women deliver at home maternal fatalities may go undetected especially where mortality is highest, in remote rural areas. The aim of this study was to attain more reliable MMR estimates by using survey methods other than the sisterhood method prior to an intervention targeting obstetric rural emergencies. PROCEDURES: The study was carried out in rural Northwestern Cambodia where access to health services is poor and poverty, endemic diseases, and land mines are endemic. Two survey methods were applied in two separate sectors: a community-based survey gathering data from public sources and a household survey gathering data direct from primary sources. FINDINGS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two survey results for maternal deaths, both types of survey reported mortality rates around the public figure. The household survey reported a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate as compared to the community-based survey, 8.6% versus 5.0%. Also the household survey gave qualitative data important for a better understanding of the many problems faced by mothers giving birth in the remote villages. There are detection failures in both surveys; the failure rate may be as high as 30-40%. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSION: Both survey methods are inaccurate, therefore inappropriate for evaluation of short-term changes of mortality rates. Surveys based on primary informants yield qualitative information about mothers' hardships important for the design of future maternal care interventions.