东北亚能源与日俄关系

日本和俄罗斯作为能源互补的两个国家,本具备良好的合作潜力,但受历史、体制以及领土争端等因素的制约,两国关系一直徘徊不前。在全球化条件下,能源合作对双方的关系的确有某种积极的因素,然而,由于双方外交战略和本国具体情况所限,因此,能源对拉近两国之间的关系作用受到限制。但是,随着能源合作的快速发展,日俄经济合作程度偏低的状况迟早会得到解决。     

唯物主义倾向与俄罗斯伦理学的产生

与西方不同,俄罗斯的伦理学在产生之时就具有了明显的唯物主义倾向。唯物主义倾向对正统马克思主义伦理学的产生作用重大。伦理学的唯物主义倾向与社会思潮的世俗化转向、实证主义方法论的影响、社会达尔文主义思潮的作用密切相关;此外,唯心主义道德哲学理论体系的非彻底性也给伦理学唯物主义元素的生长提供了可能。     

美国影响下的俄罗斯与伊朗关系

俄罗斯自视为“世界大国”,伊朗自视为“中东大国”。俄伊关系对中东政治格局具有重大的影响。俄伊两国在经济金融、核能开发、军工装备和打击恐怖主义等方面,存在着共同利益。但与此同时,俄罗斯和伊朗在叙利亚问题、对美国关系和中东地缘政治等议题上,仍然存在猜忌和矛盾。自视为“世界大国”的俄罗斯与美国保持既合作又竞争的复杂关系,因此在中东事务上,保持着与美国及其盟国的关系;自视为“中东大国”的伊朗反对外部力量干涉,反对美国及其盟国影响中东事务。美国的压力和威胁,促成了俄罗斯和伊朗之间的多领域合作。然而,俄罗斯和伊朗对美国的认知差异,是俄伊两国关系进一步发展的重要障碍。     

俄国1866年国家农民改革法令论析

国家农民是1861年俄国农奴制改革中三类主要农民之一,与皇室农民和地主农民的主要区别是拥有人身权。1866年国家农民改革是1861年农民改革的延续和扩展,是将1861年2月19日法令推行到国家农村的具体实践。国家农民改革法令的出台并不顺利,是各派考量地主农民改革经验和国家农民现实后做出的稳妥选择。改革法令推行使国家农民土地保障程度降低而赋役负担依旧,改革前拥有人身权的相对优势没能扭转改革后与地主农民同样的命运。从国家农民改革的目标、改革法令的拟定、法令规定与法令落实等维度来看,这一结果在所难免。     

At the intersection of globalization and ‘civilizational originality’: cultural production in Putin’s Russia

ABSTRACT

This special issue originates from a transnational collaboration of scholars in philology, comparative literature, social theory, sociology, anthropology, ethnography, and media studies. The collection strives to advance a research agenda built on the nexus of three intellectual and academic domains: post-Soviet ‘Russian cultural studies’, the research paradigm put forward by Cultural Studies, as well as empirical methods developed in sociology. The collection illustrates the importance of expanding the experience of Cultural Studies beyond its established spheres of national investigation, while it also speaks to the necessity to re-evaluate the hegemony of the English-language academic and cultural production on the global scale. The collection offers insights into the gamut of cultural practices and institutional environments in which Russian cultural production happens today. It shows how cultural industries and institutions in Russia are integrated into the global marketplace and transnational communities, while they also draw on and contribute to local lives and experiences by trying to create an autonomous space for symbolic production at personal and collective levels. Through diverse topics, the issue sheds light on the agency, i.e. practitioners and participants, creators and consumers, of Russian cultural production and the neoliberal practices implemented on creative work and cultural administration in Russia today. The Introduction outlines the development of academic studies on Russian cultural practices since 1991; describes main political developments shaping the cultural field in Putin’s Russia; and, finally, identifies the Cultural Studies debates the editors of the collection find most productive for investigations of Russia, i.e. the instrumentalization of culture and culture as resource. Relocated in an analysis of a post-socialist society, these conceptualisations seem increasingly problematic in a situation where local and federal policies governing cultural and creative work focus simultaneously on marketization and on nationalism as the main tools of legitimizing the federal government.     

俄罗斯联邦检察权性质初探

在俄罗斯,有关检察机关在国家机关体系中地位和角色问题的争论一直没有停止过。理论界和实务界普遍认为检察机关是行使监督权的国家机关。各家学说争执的焦点在于这种监督性质的权力应当归属于哪个国家权力分支。     

帝俄时期的社会结构和社会流动

俄国在莫斯科国家时期不存在等级 ,1 649年法典是俄国等级制度发展的分界线 ,1 8世纪末俄国等级制度基本形成。 1 9世纪 60年代改革后 ,逐渐失去特权的各个等级在法律上相互接近 ,并向阶级和职业集团演化 ,但到 1 91 7年前 ,等级尚未彻底变成阶级。在整个帝俄时期人口的社会结构变化异常缓慢 ,除城市等级外 ,其他主要等级的绝对人数增长而相对人数下降。 1 861年前等级间的社会流动规模不大 ,每代人中约有 1 /1 0的人参加社会流动 ,农民和僧侣是其他等级队伍获得补充的源泉     

19世纪末20世纪初俄国远东经济发展中的亚洲移民--以中国人和朝鲜人为例

1860年后,俄国远东地区出现大量亚洲移民,其中包括中国人、朝鲜人和日本人。日本人数量较少,主要进行捕鱼作业。中国人和朝鲜人则遍布俄国远东各个经济领域。虽然俄国政府对外来移民的政策几经调整,但在远东劳动力极度匮乏的情况下,中国人和朝鲜人在俄国各经济领域仍然得到广泛使用,中国人和朝鲜人不仅为俄国远东提供了廉价劳动力,也为远东地区经济发展,边区稳定做出了重要贡献。     

The Embedding of Russian State-Sanctioned Multipolarity in the Post-Soviet Conjuncture

This article demonstrates the manner in which key Russian officials engaged with and propagated the notion of multipolarity in the wider post-Soviet conjuncture—first in the 1990s and intensively during Vladimir Putin's first two presidencies. I argue that this demonstrates an earlier disarticulation of neoliberalism, globalisation, unipolarity, and hegemony than that offered in the nascent ‘multipolar turn’ in the sub-disciplines of International Political Economy and International Relations. Embedding understandings of multipolarity that cohere to state strategy, key Russian officials invite us to efface the divide between academic and political practice when understanding how world order concepts are propagated and normalised. A multifaceted treatment of multipolarity does not render it analytically dubious; rather, it cements its importance as a common sense and ‘polysemic’ understanding of global political affairs serving an explicit political function.     

Understanding Care Leavers in Russia: Young People's Experiences of Institutionalisation

Abstract

Care leavers in Russia represent one of the most disadvantaged groups in society. However, they have rarely been the focus of welfare policy debate and they receive little or no support in their independent living. This paper presents the findings of a survey of Russian care leavers. The emphasis is on care leavers' experiences of the Russian institutional care system, and the issues that impacted on their postcare transition to adulthood. A number of factors were found to influence the wellbeing of care leavers, including placement instability, institutional isolation, poor education, stigmatisation of care leavers, relationships with “houseparents”, and supportive and often challenging friendships. Findings are discussed in relation to debates about the degree and nature of institutional care of children in Russia and elsewhere.