我国中小企业国际化的路径选择

在全球经济一体化背景下,我国中小企业面临着更为激烈的国际竞争。实现国际化经营是我国中小企业培养国际竞争力、实现成长的重要途径。而国际化路径的选择是企业国际化进程中必须考虑的问题之一。在国际化经营的路径选择上,我国中小企业应考虑影响选择的内外因素,充分发挥自身优势,积极开拓服务业领域,选择合适的目标市场,并寻求合作模式。     

The Structure of the Chinese Banking System and Credit Access Problems for SMEs

This paper examines the structure and the main characteristics of the Chinese banking industry. In particular, the paper analyses the problematic aspects of credit relations of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SMEs are facing several problems in accessing the bank loans market, dominated by the political and contractual weight of state-owned enterprises. However, some recent reforms have improved the situation, a fundamental condition for additional positive results. Nevertheless, further and more pervasive modernization efforts are needed to consolidate these results and to develop the relationships between banks and SMEs.

基于DS／AHP方法的云南省中小企业家能力关键要素辨识

为有效辨识企业家能力关键要素以全面提升云南省中小企业长短期绩效,首先通过合并同类项的文献整合法对国内外相关研究中所涉企业家能力要素进行归纳与提炼,然后应用DS／AHP方法融合学术界、政府界、从业界三方对不同准则下中小企业家能力要素或要素集的偏好判断信息,最后基于累积标准化似然值大于0．8的要素甄选原则辨识出影响云南省中小企业绩效的企业家能力关键要素。实证结果表明,战略能力、概念能力、机会能力、关系能力、组织领导能力以及学习能力是目前影响云南省中小企业绩效的企业家能力关键要素。     

The perceptions of human resource development professionals in Taiwan regarding their working relationships with subject matter experts (SMEs) during the training design process

While the literature supports the importance of establishing a relationship between designers and subject matter experts (SMEs) in the training design process, this approach is not followed in all global practices. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of human resource development professionals in Taiwan regarding their working relationships with SMEs. The respondents of the study were HRD professionals who worked in high-tech companies located in a science park in Taiwan. The study found that a significant relationship exists between the ability to work with SMEs and current ability in the training design process among HRD professionals who had worked with SMEs. This study provides implications for the professional development of HRD practitioners and HRD practice in Taiwan companies. Cross-cultural issues are discussed to explain inconsistencies between the results and US-based perspectives on the training design process.     

Organizational learning in SMEs’ internationalization: A moderated mediating effect of absorptive capacity

We examine both mediation and moderation effects on the direct relationship between internationalization speed and firm performance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Building on prior studies that focus either on the direct speed–performance linkage or the moderating role played by knowledge, we suggest that an important source of performance variations is organizational learning. Grounded in the organizational learning perspective, we argue that firm strategies regarding speed and earliness of internationalization provide the SMEs with opportunities to develop their absorptive capacity, and thus enhance their performance. Using survey data from 343 SMEs in Australia and New Zealand, our empirical results suggest that absorptive capacity is associated with internationalization speed in a reversed U-shape relationship and that in turn absorptive capacity mediates the direct speed–performance relationship. Moreover, this mediating effect is moderated by earliness of internationalization. By demonstrating the moderated mediating effect of absorptive capacity as a novel mechanism to achieving superior performance, we enhance the understanding of how firms succeed internationally.     

Overcoming pandemic challenges through product innovation: The role of digital technologies and servitization

The fast-changing scenario related to the COVID-19 pandemic calls for firms to rapidly redefine and innovate their strategies to sustain their businesses, with research emphasizing the key roles of digital technologies and servitization. We aim to enrich the theoretical debate on this matter by assessing how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) achieve product innovation under time constraints by leveraging two specific technology groups (information and communication technologies [ICT] and Industry 4.0 data-processing technologies) and servitization. The research is based on a mixed-method approach consisting of an original survey completed by 257 Italian SMEs (grounded on a previous qualitative study about such SMEs' behaviors during the first Italian lockdown), followed by in-depth interviews with the owners and/or managers of the eight SMEs that participated in the survey. The results show a positive relationship between the increased use of digital technologies (ICT and Industry 4.0 data-processing technologies) during the pandemic with servitization and, in turn, with product innovation. Specifically, the increased use of ICT during the pandemic had a direct positive effect on product innovation, while Industry 4.0 data-processing technologies affected product innovation only through the full mediation of servitization. The qualitative study allowed us to highlight how the different kinds of digital technologies supported SMEs’ innovation (servitization and product innovation) during the pandemic. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study are discussed.     

风险投资对中小企业自主创新影响的实证研究——基于中小企业板的经验数据

以中国中小企业板的上市公司为样本,应用描述性统计分析、相关分析及回归分析方法,对企业专利申请数、风险投资股东持股比例以及公司的研发投入占营业收入的比率指标进行了分析,结果显示：有风险投资背景公司的申请专利数要远远高于非风险投资背景公司的申请专利数;有风险投资背景公司的自主创新效果差异性较大,年申请专利数最多的达到119项,也有一部分企业为零;有风险投资背景公司企业的研究开发费用占主营业务收入的比重明显高于非风险投资背景的上市公司;风险投资股东持股比例与企业自主创新资本投入强度呈正相关关系,即风险投资在技术创新投入活动中发挥了相对积极的影响,但与企业自主创新效果指标之间呈现不显著的负相关关系。     

创业板对于中国的中小企业融资难题的作用

随着创业板计划实施的加速,很多人认为这种新的融资手段有可能成为未来中小企业融资的主渠道,但是分析人士认为这样做,只看到解决中小企业融资难需要创业板,却忽视了在当前环境下推出的创业板能否担此重任。在目前中国中小企业超过430万家,而基本符合上市条件的企业可能只有几百家,真是万里挑一。这样一个上市的比例,实在是杯水车薪,尤其是在目前对外出口减缓,对内需求不见大幅增长的情况下,中小企业融资难的问题还将持续。期望利用创业板来解决中小企业资金紧缺的问题,带来的一个后果便是让创业板市场成为比主板市场更疯狂的圈钱市场．直到它像目前的主板市场一样瘫痪下来。所以,创业板对中小企业融资更多是精神上的鼓励。     

Efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management systems in SMEs

This paper proposes a 3D fuzzy logic methodology to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management systems (KMSs) adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and identifies a classification bringing together the behaviour of SMEs when adopting KMSs. The proposed methodology was previously tested on an individual SME and then implemented on a sample of SMEs. The results highlight that there is an ample variety of behaviours related to the nature of knowledge and the KMSs used. Specifically, four typologies of behaviour are identified: the efficient and effective SME, the effective but inefficient SME, the efficient but ineffective SME, and the inefficient and ineffective SME. The results show that only 18% of surveyed SMEs are efficient and effective for both KM-Tools and KM-Practices, the remaining 82% are inefficient or ineffective for KM-Tools and/or KM-Practices. Lastly, the paper shows how this methodology may be used by an SME as a managerial tool to suggest appropriate changes to improve the efficient and effective adoption of KMSs supporting SMEs in the knowledge management processes.