长三角中小板上市公司融资效率分析

选择我国长三角地区112家中小上市公司2010—2012年的经营数据,利用DEA方法从总体状况、内部经营管理和规模报酬等方面对其效率进行动态评价。结果表明:样本上市公司每年仅有10%左右的公司技术效率处于有效状态,实现纯技术效率为1的公司要略多于规模有效的公司,近1/3的公司纯技术效率和规模效率都大于均值,上海公司技术效率的表现要强于江苏和浙江,但区域因素对融资效率并不存在决定性的影响。进一步分析了样本上市公司融资无效率或者低效率的主要原因,最后提出改善样本公司效率水平的政策建议。     

县域中小企业融资体系创新实证研究

基于现阶段中小企业“融资难”状况,通过对湖南县域中小企业融资难问题的调查分析,揭示县域中小企业融资难特征,剖析县域中小企业融资难的深层原因,提出创新多元融资渠道、健全银行信贷服务、拓展创新信贷品种、改善融资环境等创新和完善县域中小企业融资体系的对策建议。     

建立新的“政商分离”担保体系的思考

我国目前“一体两翼”的担保体系存在着“政商不分”的问题。通过实地调研和问卷调查所获得的147家担保机构的数据显示,政策性担保机构和互助性担保机构对商业性担保存在着“挤出效应”,且存在着担保机构普遍规模较小、多以营利为经营目标、人力资源素质不高等问题。这说明“政商不分”已经使得我国担保体系有偏离扶持中小企业发展的趋势,并且政策性担保机构不适合继续充当我国的担保体系主体,因此应该建立以商业性担保机构为主、“政商分离”的新的担保体系。     

A resource-based view on SMEs regarding the transition to more sophisticated stages of industry 4.0

The integration of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the concept Industry 4.0 represents one of its main challenges, as they play a vital part in industrial value chains that shall be digitized from suppliers to the end customer. However, what the implementation stages for Industry 4.0 in SMEs should be as well as the respective resources for achieving the next stage are scarcely understood. In response, this paper proposes a framework using a resource-based review for Industry 4.0 implementation according to the stage of development in SMEs, created between researchers, policy makers, and 354 manufacturing SMEs in the province of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). The paper applies a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative (interviews) and quantitative elements (survey data). The results are used to develop a model with four stages of SMEs that are characterized by having distinct preconditions and conditions for Industry 4.0. Thereupon, the required measures to achieve the next stage of Industry 4.0 implementation are derived. This highlights Industry 4.0 for SMEs as a process with different stages toward achieving sustainable competitive advantage and offering insight into how the different resources operate. The high importance and advanced position regarding industrial value creation and SMEs in Gipuzkoa allows to generalize and transfer the findings to other European regions.     

我国中小企业的发展困境分析

银根收紧效应在2010年以来传导到中小企业,在信贷额度受限的情况下,银行首先减少贷款,加大中小企业融资难度,增加融资成本,加剧资金链断裂的风险;导致钱荒、电荒、用工荒和高成本、高税负共同制约着中小企业的生存与发展,连同油荒、气荒、煤荒以及水荒的作用叠加,更使中小企业举步维艰。政府应加快金融业对中小经济的开放,将更多精力与资源用于解决中小企业的制度困境。     

The soft side of knowledge transfer partnerships between universities and small to medium enterprises: an exploratory study to understand process improvement

Abstract

The study explores the soft side of knowledge transfer partnerships between universities and small to medium enterprises (SMEs), a topic which is often neglected in the knowledge management literature. The aim of this paper is to uncover the issues which emerge during formation of a partnership between heterogeneous organizations and universities. In addition, the study unfolds the criticalities of typical process improvement capability that supports the knowledge transfer partnerships between universities and SMEs. Using multiple cases, this study unravels the dominant elements that influence knowledge transfer process development, governance, implications and responsibilities. The major contribution of this study is the development of a framework based on empirical evidence using three knowledge transfer partnerships (KTPs) which illustrates the way in which soft factors in knowledge transfer partnership phases may have an impact on success or failure of university–industry collaborations for innovation.     

电子商务环境下中小企业合作演化博弈分析

随着电子商务的普及,网络交易给中小企业的发展带来了更多的发展机会.文章以传统中小企业在互联网时代的合作为研究对象,引入潜在市场收益指数和企业电子商务水平指数两个核心变量,构建了中小企业合作的演化博弈模型,具体分析了电子商务环境下促进产业集群内中小企业合作的主要因素对演化稳定策略和演化路径的影响.研究表明:产业集群内中小企业的电子商务水平越高,在电子商务环境下挖掘潜在市场的能力和能够获得的潜在收益也越高,集群内的中小企业进行合作的意愿也更强.     

Empowering manufacturing personnel through functional understanding

A growing interest in knowledge management and standardisation, has increasingly led organisations to implement employee training programs. For the manufacturing workforce, however, these remain limited to informal ‘On-the-Job’ approaches, administered by peer colleagues – particularly in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) where economic, educational, cognitive and cultural constraints are often deeply embedded. This paper proposes a methodology for training the manufacturing workforce on the functions of products, and presents a case study conducted in a UK-based manufacturing SME – aiming to verify our two research hypotheses: a) Functional Analysis Diagrams of the company’s products and parts would assist in knowledge assimilation; and, b) knowledge assimilation has a positive effect on work quality and productivity levels. By applying statistical inference methods on long-term quantitative data and survey results, we confirmed substantial improvements in work quality (63%) and increased productivity (67%), supporting our hypotheses and suggesting that the proposed methodology can be a promising solution for the industry.     

Grazing,exploring and networking for sustainability-oriented innovations in learning-action networks: an SME perspective

With sustainability-oriented innovations (SOIs) small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can conquer niche markets, cut resource usage and improve the quality of life. SMEs follow different strategic orientations for SOIs. They are conditioned by their organizational structures, capabilities and interaction with the business, regulatory and knowledge network. Usually, SMEs find it easier to span their boundaries to the business network. This research explores, in a longitudinal multi-case study, how the interaction with the knowledge network can condition an SME's strategic orientation. In the analysis of a learning-action network established by a research institute, three network-patterns (grazer, explorer and networker) are observed which result from different SME boundary-spanning processes. A central role is played by the boundary spanners who influence to which degree the SME can build up exploratory and exploitative learning capabilities to further deploy, push forward or generically develop its strategic orientation for SOIs in interaction with the knowledge network.     

PSS business model conceptualization and application*

The discussion about business models has gained considerable attention in the last decade. Business model frameworks have been developed in the literature as management methods helping companies to comprehend and analyse their current business logic and guide the deployment of new strategies. In response to calls for a deeper understanding of the application of a business model approach to product-service systems (PSS), this study develops a two-level hierarchical framework that (i) includes a set of components with pertinent, second-order variables to take into account when undergoing the shift from products to solutions; (ii) supports industrial companies, especially SMEs, in designing their future business model and in consistently planning the actions needed to implement it. The framework was applied and refined within real-life settings. The application to KINE – a robot solutions supplier – shows how key challenges faced by servitization firms may be thoroughly addressed through the adoption of a business model perspective.