《民法典》技术合同章商事化变革研究——兼评知识产权法的相关影响

《民法典》技术合同章体现了商事化变革的趋势,技术合同制度的商事化变革经过三个阶段的发展历程,其推动力量主要来自制度和现实两个层面。知识产权法对技术合同章商事化变革具有促进作用,并对其独立性产生影响。在商事化变革中,技术合同章的管制主义倾向弱化,应当将技术合同定位为关系合同,并对技术合同条款从商事角度进行解释,为在技术合同章具体制度规则中体现商事化变革的要求,有必要均衡适用知识产权保护原则性条款,限制技术合同无效的情形,对技术成果共有规则从商事角度加以适用,并重视技术成果优先受让权规则的作用。     

商品房双重买卖法律问题研究

在商品房买卖合同中,必然会涉及物权和债权这两种民事权利。本文分析了商品房双重买卖的物权变动问题,认为应采纳物权变动的区分性原则。在此基础上,分析了商品房双重买卖合同的效力问题,认为两个债权合同都应该生效。最后,分析了商品房双重买卖的法律救济措施。     

Chinese Contract Law and the Economic Reform

China’s previous contract laws had many contradictions and failed to meet the needs of China’s developing market economy. Although some problems still need to be dealt with, the unified contract law is more advanced, systematic and plays an important role in fostering and encouraging transactions.

投保人信赖利益保护问题

就如何维护投保人的信赖利益这一问题,理论上存在三种方案,即扩大合同成立的可能性、认定存在先合同义务以及扩大保险人的侵权责任范围.通过合同法或侵权法的一般原则来保护投保人的信赖利益均有可能侵蚀合同自由原则.相对而言,先合同义务理论实际上是一种理性平衡裁判术,在类型化的限制之下,既可维护合同自由,又可实现个案正义.     

国家起源论

国家是拥有最高权力及其管理组织或政府的社会,是最大且最高的社会。因此,一方面,从人的社会本性来看,国家必然起源于每个人对于社会最大化的需要和使各种社会成为一个统一整体的需要。这是国家的内在的、间接的和终级的起源。另一方面,从国家实际的产生状况来看,任何权力无疑必然都产生、形成和起源于社会成员的普遍同意;最高权力属于权力范畴,因而必定产生、形成和起源于社会成员的普遍同意。任何两个以上的人就某种利益交换关系所达成的同意无疑都是契约。于是,最高权力或国家便必然直接产生、形成和起源于契约,起源于社会成员就最高权力所关涉的权利与义务等利益之交换所缔结的契约。但究竟起源于何种最高权力契约则是偶然的:唯有起源于民主地缔结的民主的最高权力契约,才是善的、应该的和道德的;否则便是恶的、不应该和不道德的。这是国家的直接的外在的起源。     

对《劳动合同法》立法宗旨的认识

《劳动合同法》从立法之初,其立法宗旨就引发了社会各界的激烈争论,主要集中在立法根据以及＂单保护＂还是＂双保护＂等问题上。应从倾斜保护的角度认识《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨,即《劳动合同法》既不是＂单保护＂,也不是＂双保护＂,而是在保护劳动者权益的同时,兼顾保护了用人单位的利益。     

On the Specification of Propensity Scores,With Applications to the Analysis of Trade Policies

A vector autoregression is fit to recent U.S. data on wheat prices, wheat export sales, wheat export shipments, and exchange rates. Forecast error decompositions and out-of-sample forecasts indicate that exchange rates have little influence on wheat sales and shipments.     

服务型政府视野中的公共服务分工

建设服务型政府要求强化政府的公共服务能力.公共服务分工是指政府在强化公共服务职能和财政责任的同时,还要充分发挥市场在配置资源和社会在整合资源方面的特有作用,发展公共服务规划者和生产者的专业优势.尽管公共服务分工有利于弥补政府直接生产的局限性,但也不可避免地存在交易成本,需要进行有效的合同治理.对于公共服务分工而言,选择能够节省交易成本和具备激励机制的制度安排至关重要.公共服务的分工还有助于防止政府、市场与社会组织之间的相互对抗,重建新的权利和责任体系,有效地促进社会和谐.     

A case study of the impact of integrated project governances on PPP project performance

Under the new normal state, the PPP project will play a more and more important role in the social and economic development of China. To improve the performance of PPP project management, it is necessary to implement integrated project governances. Firstly, according to the index system of two kinds of PPP projects governances (Contract Governance and Relationship Governance) and PPP project management performance determined by theoretical analysis, the DDX project is selected as the analysis object. After identifying the case, this paper explains the basic information and preliminary work of the case. Then, the three contents of contract governance, relationship governance and project performance are analyzed comprehensively. Case studies show that all of these two governance modes have positive effects on project management performance. However, due to the lack of information in the case, the validity of the conclusion also needs to be verified again.     

The impact of random machine unavailability on inventory policies in a continuous improvement environment

There are production situations where a production facility (e.g. a machine) is used intermittently to produce lot sizes of certain products. Upon completion of production run, the facility may not be available for a random amount of time due to several reasons, such as: the facility needs to be maintained and the maintenance time is random due to unforeseen circumstances; or that the facility is leased by different manufacturers and the demand for the facility is random. As a result of machine unavailability, stock-out situations might arise. This paper extends the work of Abboud et al . (2000, Computers and Operations Research , 27 , 335-351) by assuming learning and forgetting in production. A new mathematical model is developed with numerical examples and sensitivity analysis provided. Furthermore, this paper determines how the overall inventory cost is influenced by the nature of the random variable that represents the unavailability time of the production facility.