高校科研管理的契约特性分析——基于不完全契约理论的视角

高校科研管理部门与科研人员之间存在着契约关系,且此关系可用不完全契约理论来进行解释。高校科研管理部门与科研人员之间的不完全契约关系,主要可从高校科研主体特性、高校科研项目及高校科研人员三方面来进行说明。     

工程合同履约约束剖析

在工程项目建设的过程中 ,合同起着十分重要的作用 ,它是合同双方都必须遵守的标准 ;本文从合同的定义出发 ,对合同当事人受到的履约约束进行了全面详细的研究 ,剖析了合同对合同当事人的各种约束     

The impact of random machine unavailability on inventory policies in a continuous improvement environment

There are production situations where a production facility (e.g. a machine) is used intermittently to produce lot sizes of certain products. Upon completion of production run, the facility may not be available for a random amount of time due to several reasons, such as: the facility needs to be maintained and the maintenance time is random due to unforeseen circumstances; or that the facility is leased by different manufacturers and the demand for the facility is random. As a result of machine unavailability, stock-out situations might arise. This paper extends the work of Abboud et al . (2000, Computers and Operations Research , 27 , 335-351) by assuming learning and forgetting in production. A new mathematical model is developed with numerical examples and sensitivity analysis provided. Furthermore, this paper determines how the overall inventory cost is influenced by the nature of the random variable that represents the unavailability time of the production facility.     

论虚拟企业对现行合同法的冲击

虚拟企业是近几年才出现的一种新的企业组织发展模式,并日益成为21世纪制造业的一大发展趋势。随着这一新事物的不断发展,给现行合同法带来了极大的挑战。文章就此对合同自由原则和无名合同的相关规定提出了若干置疑,并提出以构建契约实体的方式来界定虚拟企业的法律本质,同时也建议对合同法相对自由原则作适当的扩大,而对无名合同也应有明确性规定。     

无固定期限劳动合同功能定位之反思

《劳动合同法》规定了强制用人单位订立无固定期限劳动合同的情形,使无固定期限劳动合同承载着保护劳动者、维护劳动关系稳定的功能。由于实践中用人单位采取各种措施规避与劳动者订立无固定期限劳动合同,致使其立法初衷不能实现。在劳动合同立法中,应当确立以无固定期限劳动合同为原则,固定期限劳动合同为例外,同时放宽无固定期限劳动合同的解除条件,辅之以完善失业保险等制度,以实现劳动荚系的稳定和谐。     

《民法典》技术合同章商事化变革研究——兼评知识产权法的相关影响

《民法典》技术合同章体现了商事化变革的趋势,技术合同制度的商事化变革经过三个阶段的发展历程,其推动力量主要来自制度和现实两个层面。知识产权法对技术合同章商事化变革具有促进作用,并对其独立性产生影响。在商事化变革中,技术合同章的管制主义倾向弱化,应当将技术合同定位为关系合同,并对技术合同条款从商事角度进行解释,为在技术合同章具体制度规则中体现商事化变革的要求,有必要均衡适用知识产权保护原则性条款,限制技术合同无效的情形,对技术成果共有规则从商事角度加以适用,并重视技术成果优先受让权规则的作用。     

商品房双重买卖法律问题研究

在商品房买卖合同中,必然会涉及物权和债权这两种民事权利。本文分析了商品房双重买卖的物权变动问题,认为应采纳物权变动的区分性原则。在此基础上,分析了商品房双重买卖合同的效力问题,认为两个债权合同都应该生效。最后,分析了商品房双重买卖的法律救济措施。     

合同附随义务理论发展中的三个问题与思考

本文回顾了合同附随义务理论的发展轨迹及司法实践,探索亟待解决的合同附随义务的上位法源基础,合同附随义务与合同自由、民事责任竞合的关系等三方面问题,针对我国《合同法》中的有关规定,就如何发挥合同附随义务应有的作用,促进我国合同附随义务的司法适用等问题进行了思考。     

Ticking Boxes and Changing the Social World: Data Collection and the New UK General Practice Contract

The new General Medical Services contract was introduced into general practice in the UK in 2004, and it links pay to performance far more than in the past. As a result, accurate data collection about patients and the care that they receive is now not only important for good patient care but also to prove that targets are being met. The use of electronic records and information technology has thus become much more sophisticated. This article reports the results from an ethnographic study of the early stages of the new contract in two general practices. As expected, electronic data collection had increased in importance in both practices, with consequences both for clinician–patient interactions and for the structures and processes in the practices, as uniform data collection instruments are put in place that privilege ‘hard’ biomedical data that can be easily coded above ‘softer’, more patient-centred information. Roles and responsibilities had been changed to reflect the needs of the new systems, and new software applications allowed increased surveillance of both doctors’ and nurses’ performance; both of these had an impact on patterns of authority in our study practices. Furthermore, the structural changes that were found acted to embed the new ways of working, ensuring their reproduction in the future. In spite of these effects, we found little opposition to or critical reflection on the changes, and the doctors in our study continued to view their improved computer systems as neutral recording devices. The implication of these findings is discussed.     

社会契约论：霍布斯与卢梭的比较分析

社会契约论在西方政治理论中的地位以及宪政制度设计中的作用都是不可忽视的,但其中霍布斯与卢梭的观点易被人误解,所以有研究的必要。霍布斯与卢梭的不同之处主要在于自然状态的假设、个人权利交付的对象、契约的特征、契约的效力、人民享有的自由五个方面。产生差异的原因,主要在于伦理基础和时代背景不同。