关于加速启动民间投资的几点思考

我国当前内需不足的形势依然不容乐观 ,充分利用民间充裕的资金 ,加速启动民间投资是解决内需不足的明智选择。我国改革开放以来的民间投资已经成为经济发展的重要力量 ,但仍存在市场准入、金融体制、制度约束、税费压力和外在环境等因素的制约 ,巨大的潜力需要通过金融、税收和投资体制改革及政策支持来加以释放。     

对受托责任本质论和契约本质论的选择

受托责任反映的是一种产权关系,它存在的条件是明确的托付和受托关系,从本质上来讲它是一种契约关系。目前大多数学者都支持受托责任论,但是随着现代企业制度的建立和资本市场的发展,委托人数量的增加,委托代理关系变得模糊、不清晰,受托责任观就失去了存在的前提条件。契约本质论认为会计是作为企业契约推行机制的必要组成部分而存在的,它的基本内涵在于强调一个人在追求和保护自身产权权益的合理性、合法性的同时,应该考虑产权的行使对他人权益的尊重和保护。     

婚姻关系与契约关系的同异探析

婚姻关系和契约关系之间同与异的辨析,对于昭示＂婚姻不是买卖＂的基本立场具有重要意义。从法理及例示法条出发,文章论证了当事人对婚姻应持有理性态度,避免信息不对称、有限理性、外部效应等对婚姻均衡性的破坏。基于此,我国现行婚姻制度应考虑做进一步改进,诸如完善双方协商机制,建立无过错离婚的补偿机制,体现保护未成年子女利益最大化原则等,以期使绝大多数当事人的婚姻更幸福、家庭更和谐。     

《劳动合同法》社会价值分析——基于劳动者、企业、社会长期利益的视角

《劳动合同法》的颁布实施引起了理论及实务界的诸多批评,批评的核心是认为该法过度地增加了企业用人成本,干预了企业灵活的用人制度,从而可能导致企业负担过重而破产,最终给经济和就业都造成负面影响。但从劳动者、企业及社会三个方面的长期成本与收益的视角展开综合比较分析,该法长期实施对三者都将是有利的,有助于构建和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系,并最终促成人与经济的协调发展。     

从另一个角度分析政府采购合同的性质

《政府采购法》实施以来,学界仍未停止对政府采购合同的性质的争论,主要观点分为民事合同论和行政合同论。笔者认为,民事合同论和行政合同论均有合理之处,各自存在不足,需要从新的角度来审视政府采购合同的性质。经济法在法律体系占据特殊位置,是与民法、行政法各有交叉的一个独立部门法,政府采购合同恰好符合这一特性,并且,从它的价值取向和所涉及的法律关系而言,政府采购合同具有经济法的属性,应归属于经济法。     

“农超对接”供应链的治理模式和专用性投资激励研究

针对目前我国农户加入“农超对接”供应链意愿不足这一现实问题,首先,分析“农超对接”供应链的不完全契约特征;其次,构建了三种不同治理模式的数学模型,对比农户最优专用性投资水平的差异;最后,建立事后再协商的讨价还价动态博弈模型,研究影响农户专业性投资水平的因素。研究表明：以激励农户提高专用性投资水平作为标准,事后再协商模式将比事后不协商模式更具优势;如果农户预期到自己在事后再协商中会面临被“敲竹杠”的风险,将会降低事前的专用性投资水平;可以从改造农超双方不平衡的上下层结构关系入手,来激励农户提高专用性投资水平。     

A Two-Period Repeated Game Advertising Investment Model for Oligopolistic Markets with an Application to the Beer Industry*

This paper proposes a simple analytical model of advertising competition in oligopoly markets. The widely used log-log sales response function underlies the model specification. Advertising carryover effects are assumed to persist for one period following the period in which the expenditure occurs. Firms are assumed to be engaged in a repeated competitive game in which in every period advertising levels are set such that they maximize current and next period (i.e., two-period) profits. A Nash equilibrium solution is sought for the game. Compared with previous empirical studies of advertising competition in a game theoretic framework, the proposed model offers the following advantages: (1) oligopoly, not duopoly, markets are analyzed; (2) industry sales is allowed to vary over time as a function of advertising expenditures; (3) non-zero discount rates are used for the players. An empirical application is provided using data from the beer market on sales and advertising expenditures of Anheuser-Busch and Miller Brewing. Comparisons are provided with policies that ignore the dependence of next period profits on current advertising levels, reaction function strategies and spending levels obtained from a market share game. Extension of the model formulation to multiple marketing instruments is briefly discussed.     

Incorporating Price and Replacement Purchases in New Product Diffusion Models for Consumer Durables*

The article presents theoretical and empirical research findings which incorporate price and replacement purchases in new product diffusion models. On the theoretical side, this paper characterizes, qualitatively, optimum pricing policies for new products. Possible entry of rivals is not considered, but repeat sales, cost learning dynamics and discounting of future profit streams are allowed. Theoretical research findings suggest that the inclusion of repeat purchases in the diffusion model significantly changes the derived optimal pricing policy even if replacements were not price dependent. On the empirical side, alternative first purchase and repeat purchase models have been estimated and compared using nonlinear procedures. The diffusion data analyzed is related to nine consumer durables. Empirical research findings suggest that, for the considered product categories, diffusion is basically an imitative process, price can affect first and replacement purchases, and unit production cost is a decreasing function of cumulative first purchases. Managerial implications of the research findings are also discussed.     

北京街头无照经营商贩生存状况调查研究

对城市无照街头商贩的管理和服务问题,以往无论是政府还是学者都从“管理论”的视角去研究这一问题,很少有从商贩本身的角度或需要进行切入。本文以北京市无照商贩的生存状况为研究起点．通过社会调查了解北京街头商贩的工作情况、生活质量、各种关系及需求,最终使读者及相关部门对街头无照商贩的生存处境和需求有一个较清楚的认识,同时也为这一问题的合理解决,实现商贩和城市的共同、和谐发展提供了意见和建议。     

契约宪政与社会和谐

契约宪政是近现代社会的根本政治法律制度,是限制政府权力,确保民主政治,充分保障人权和人民主权的基本制度安排。在构建社会主义和谐社会这一伟大事业中,宪政之治作为公民与政府之间的宪政契约,成为确立公民与政府之间和谐关系的总契约,同时也成为构建整个社会和谐秩序的最为根本的契约制度保障。